Polydeoxyribonucleotide: A Promising Biological Platform to Accelerate Impaired Skin Wound Healing
Open accessAbstract
The normal wound healing process is characterized by a complex, highly integrated cascade of events, requiring the interactions of many cell types, including inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells, as well as the involvement of growth factors and enzymes. However, several diseases such as diabetes, thermal injury and ischemia could lead to an impaired wound healing process characterized by wound hypoxia, high levels of oxygen radicals, reduced angiogenesis, decreased collagen synthesis and organization. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has been used to improve wound healing through local and systemic administration thanks to its ability to promote cell migration and growth, angiogenesis, and to reduce inflammation on impaired wound healing models in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. In light of all these observations, the aim of this review is to provide a full overview of PDRN applications on skin regeneration. We reviewed papers published in the last 25 years on PubMed, inserting “polydeoxyribonucleotide and wound healing” as the main search term. All data obtained proved the ability of PDRN in promoting physiological tissue repair through adenosine A2A receptor activation and salvage pathway suggesting that PDRN has proven encouraging results in terms of healing time, wound regeneration and absence of side effects.
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PDRN-based injectable pharmaceuticals are frequently used in dermatological practice because of multifactorial benefits, including tissue regeneration, dermal rejuvenation, hypopigmentation, wound healing, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-aging properties, and promotion of hair regrowth.
“PDRN-based injectable pharmaceuticals are frequently used in dermatological practice because of their multifactorial benefits, including tissue regeneration, dermal rejuvenation, hypopigmentation, wound healing, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-aging properties, and promotion of hair regrowth [23,147].”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPDRN is composed of a linear structure of deoxyribonucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds, which is double stranded.
“PDRN, similar to PN, is composed of a linear structure of deoxyribonucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds, which is double stranded [11,23].”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Galeano, M., Pallio, G., Irrera, N., Mannino, F., Bitto, A., Altavilla, D., Vaccaro, M., Squadrito, G., Arcoraci, V., Colonna, M. R., Lauro, R., & Squadrito, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Messina (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Squadrito, Francesco
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pharmaceuticals
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-10-29
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1103
- ISSN
- 1424-8247 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8618295
- OpenAlex
- W3208112815
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pharmaceuticals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Keywords
- polydeoxyribonucleotide, wound healing, delayed wound healing, skin regeneration, angiogenesis, inflammation, adenosine A2A receptor, salvage pathway, cell migration, collagen synthesis, diabetes mellitus, burns, ischemia, wound hypoxia, oxygen free radicals
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