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Cited by 36Forensic Entomology and Diptera StudiesForensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology StudiesAutopsy Techniques and Outcomes

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Revolution in death sciences: body farms and taphonomics blooming. A review investigating the advantages, ethical and legal aspects in a Swiss context

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Varlet, Vincent, Joye, Charles, Forbes, Shari L., Grabherr, Silke·2020·International Journal of Legal Medicine
DOI 10.1007/s00414-020-02272-6
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Abstract

Taphonomy is the study of decaying organisms over time and their process of fossilization. Taphonomy, originally a branch of palaeontology and anthropology, was developed to understand the ecology of a decomposition site, how site ecology changes upon the introduction of plant or animal remains and, in turn, how site ecology affects the decomposition of these materials. In recent years, these goals were incorporated by forensic science to understand the decomposition of human cadavers, to provide a basis on which to estimate postmortem and/or postburial interval, to assist in the determination of cause and circumstances of death, and to aid in the location of clandestine graves. These goals are achieved through the study of the factors that influence cadaver decomposition (e.g. temperature, moisture, insect activity). These studies have also provided insight into the belowground ecology of cadaver breakdown and allowed to develop useful protocols for mass disaster managements in humanitarian medicine. From the results obtained, new scientific disciplines have arisen, gathered under the word "taphonomics" such as the study of microorganisms living below/on a cadaver (thanatogeomicrobiology), and join the more classical forensic sciences such as anthropology, botany or entomology. Taking into account the specificities of the study object (human cadaver), primordial requirements are needed in terms of security (physical and environmental) as well as ethical and legal concerns which are studied in the Swiss context. The present review aims to present in a first part the concept of human forensic taphonomy facilities (HFTF, also colloquially named "body farm") leading to an enrichment of forensic sciences with new "taphonomics". The second part is focused on the mandatory points that must be addressed for a HFTF approach, especially because it requires a specific place to undertake this research which must be performed in conformity with a country's human ethics and laws.

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  • The number of experiments with human bodies is low because of legal framework hurdles and ethical considerations present in many countries regarding the use of human remains for decomposition research.

    “The number of experiments with human bodies is low because of legal framework hurdles and ethical considerations present in many countries, regarding the use of human remains for decomposition research [132,133]”

    From Forensic experiments on animal scavenging: A systematic literature review on what we have and what we need (2023) · cites this paper as [132]

    The Human taphonomy section says most controlled human studies have used organ samples rather than whole cadavers, while the legal and ethical sections describe requirements for research on human remains. The paper does not say that legal hurdles and ethical considerations cause the low number of experiments with whole human bodies; it gives convenience as the reason for using organ samples. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Metadata

Authors
Varlet, V., Joye, C., Forbes, S. L., & Grabherr, S.
Affiliations
  • University Centre of Legal Medicine (CH)
  • Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (CA)
Corresponding author
Varlet, Vincent
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Legal Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-05-21
Volume
134
Issue
5
Pages
1875-1895
ISSN
  • 0044-3433 (ISSN-L)
  • 0937-9827
  • 1437-1596
DOI
10.1007/s00414-020-02272-6
OpenAlex
W3026219042
Cited by
36
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
FWCI
0.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Legal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes
Keywords
forensic taphonomy, postmortem interval estimation, humanitarian medicine, research ethics, Swiss legislation
MeSH terms
Private Facilities, Animals, Cadaver, Humans, Postmortem Changes, Switzerland, Forensic Sciences

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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