Inhomogeneous architectural changes of the quadriceps femoris induced by resistance training

Ema, Ryoichi; Wakahara, Taku; Miyamoto, Naokazu; Kanehisa, Hiroaki; Kawakami, Yasuo

doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2700-1

Cited by 170Sports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle activation and electromyography studies

Inhomogeneous architectural changes of the quadriceps femoris induced by resistance training

Ema, Ryoichi, Wakahara, Taku, Miyamoto, Naokazu, Kanehisa, Hiroaki, Kawakami, Yasuo·2013·European Journal of Applied Physiology

DOI 10.1007/s00421-013-2700-1

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Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to clarify whether resistance training-induced changes in muscle architecture are homogeneous among the quadriceps and over different regions within each muscle.Methods Eleven recreationally active men (27 ± 2 years) completed a 12-week resistance training program for knee extensors. Before and after the intervention, muscle thicknesses, fascicle lengths, and pennation angles of the four muscles (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris) in several regions (2-4 regions per each muscle) were measured using ultrasonography. Anatomical cross-sectional areas (ACSAs) at the same positions as the ultrasound measurements were determined from magnetic resonance images.Results Relative increases in the ACSA, muscle thickness, and pennation angle of the rectus femoris were significantly greater than those of the vasti. Relative increases in the ACSAs of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris were significantly greater in the distal than in the proximal region, and those in the muscle thickness and pennation angle of the vastus intermedius were significantly greater in the medial than in the lateral region. Fascicle lengths did not change in any muscles. The interrelations between muscle thickness and pennation angle remained unchanged after the intervention, with a significant association between the relative changes of the two variables.Conclusion The current results indicate that (1) hypertrophy of the quadriceps femoris is associated with a proportional increase in pennation angle but not necessarily in fascicle length, and (2) training-induced changes in muscle size and pennation do not evenly occur among the quadriceps, along or across a muscle.

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Previous short-term resistance training studies have repeatedly reported nonuniform regional hypertrophy, both between and along individual quadriceps muscles, with diverse patterns.
“Previous short-term RT studies, documenting relatively limited hypertrophy, have, however, repeatedly reported nonuniform regional hypertrophy, both between and along the individual quadriceps muscles, although curiously the pattern of regional hypertrophy has been surprisingly diverse [i.e., which muscles and locations had the greatest hypertrophy (26, 35, 37, 43, 44, 57, 58, 61, 69, 75, 76)].”
From What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
The findings of the present study are surprisingly similar to the increases in ΘP observed following short-term lower body resistance training.
“the findings of the present study are surprisingly similar to the increases in ΘP observed following short-term lower body RT (2, 10, 26, 35)”
From What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics (2020) · cites this paper as [26]

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Authors: Ema, R., Wakahara, T., Miyamoto, N., Kanehisa, H., & Kawakami, Y.
Affiliations: Waseda University (JP)
Doshisha University (JP)
National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya (JP)
Corresponding author: Kawakami, Yasuo
ORCID: Ema, Ryoichi
Wakahara, Taku
Miyamoto, Naokazu
Kanehisa, Hiroaki
Kawakami, Yasuo
Venue: European Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-08-15
Volume: 113
Issue: 11
Pages: 2691-2703
ISSN: 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
1439-6319
1439-6327
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2700-1
OpenAlex: W2092022477
Cited by: 170
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7
FWCI: 10.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Waseda University
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24300209, 23700745)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Keywords: quadriceps, resistance training, muscle architecture, regional heterogeneity, pennation angle, fascicle length, muscle thickness, anatomical cross-sectional area, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, knee extensors, muscle hypertrophy
MeSH terms: Adult, Humans, Male, Ultrasonography, Case-Control Studies, Quadriceps Muscle, Resistance Training

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Inhomogeneous architectural changes of the quadriceps femoris induced by resistance training

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