The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Time course of recovery following resistance training leading or not to failure
Open accessAbstract
Purpose To describe the acute and delayed time course of recovery following resistance training (RT) protocols differing in the number of repetitions (R) performed in each set (S) out of the maximum possible number (P).Methods Ten resistance-trained men undertook three RT protocols [S × R(P)]: (1) 3 × 5(10), (2) 6 × 5(10), and (3) 3 × 10(10) in the bench press (BP) and full squat (SQ) exercises. Selected mechanical and biochemical variables were assessed at seven time points (from - 12 h to + 72 h post-exercise). Countermovement jump height (CMJ) and movement velocity against the load that elicited a 1 m s-1 mean propulsive velocity (V1) and 75% 1RM in the BP and SQ were used as mechanical indicators of neuromuscular performance.Results Training to muscle failure in each set [3 × 10(10)], even when compared to completing the same total exercise volume [6 × 5(10)], resulted in a significantly higher acute decline of CMJ and velocity against the V1 and 75% 1RM loads in both BP and SQ. In contrast, recovery from the 3 × 5(10) and 6 × 5(10) protocols was significantly faster between 24 and 48 h post-exercise compared to 3 × 10(10). Markers of acute (ammonia, growth hormone) and delayed (creatine kinase) fatigue showed a markedly different course of recovery between protocols, suggesting that training to failure slows down recovery up to 24-48 h post-exercise.Conclusions RT leading to failure considerably increases the time needed for the recovery of neuromuscular function and metabolic and hormonal homeostasis. Avoiding failure would allow athletes to be in a better neuromuscular condition to undertake a new training session or competition in a shorter period of time.
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“However, pushing every set to absolute failure exponentially increases neuromuscular fatigue, prolongs recovery demands, and reduces the quality of subsequent sets or sessions [148].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [148]
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Citations
Cites
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Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults
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Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescription
KRAEMER, W. J., & RATAMESS, N. A. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61 · Cited by 1,992 · cited 2×
“Among the main RT variables that can be manipulated to configure the mechanical stimulus (Kraemer and Ratamess 2006; Sánchez-Medina and González-Badillo 2011; Spiering et al. 2008), the actual number of repetitions performed in a set out of the maximum number that can be completed (i.”
Hormonal Responses and Adaptations to Resistance Exercise and Training
Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2005) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200535040-00004 · Cited by 1,389 · cited 1×
“It is unclear if this transitory elevation of cortisol following the 3 × 10(10) protocol may mediate the proteolytic actions of cortisol opposing those of testosterone (Kraemer and Ratamess 2005).”
Velocity Loss as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue during Resistance Training
SÁNCHEZ-MEDINA, L., & GONZÁLEZ-BADILLO, J. J. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318213f880 · Cited by 852
Self-citationPareja‐Blanco, F., Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Sanchis‐Moysi, J., Dorado, C., Mora‐Custodio, R., Yáñez‐García, J. M., Morales‐Alamo, D., Pérez‐Suárez, I., Calbet, J. A. L., et al. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12678 · Cited by 505
Self-citationImportance of the Propulsive Phase in Strength Assessment
Sanchez-Medina, L., Perez, C. E., & Gonzalez-Badillo, J. J. (2010) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1242815 · Cited by 454
Self-citationMorton, R. W., Oikawa, S. Y., Wavell, C. G., Mazara, N., McGlory, C., Quadrilatero, J., Baechler, B. L., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00154.2016 · Cited by 404 · cited 1×
“, reaching or approaching volitional failure in each set) is an important factor to maximize muscle growth (Morton et al. 2016).”
Izquierdo, M., Häkkinen, K., González‐Badillo, J. J., Courel‐Ibáñez, J., & Gorostiaga, E. M. (2002) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0628-y · Cited by 337
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Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Davies, T. B., Lazinica, B., Krieger, J. W., & Pedisic, Z. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0872-x · Cited by 365
“However, from a practical standpoint, it should be acknowledged that acute studies indicate that training to muscular failure significantly impacts the recovery of neuromuscular function and metabolic and hormonal homeostasis [55].”
InfluentialCourel‐Ibáñez, J., Martínez-Cava, A., Morán‐Navarro, R., Escribano‐Peñas, P., Chavarren-Cabrero, J., González‐Badillo, J. J., & Pallarés, J. G. (2019) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-019-02265-6 · Cited by 187
Self-citationVelocity Loss as a Critical Variable Determining the Adaptations to Strength Training
Pareja‐Blanco, F., Alcázar, J., Sánchez‐Valdepeñas, J., Cornejo‐Daza, P. J., Piqueras‐Sanchiz, F., Mora-Vela, R., Sánchez‐Moreno, M., Mena, B. B., Ortega‐Becerra, M., & Alegre, L. M. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002295 · Cited by 187
“‘level of effort’) (10) seems to be another variable that should be considered when designing an RT program (10-12).”
BackgroundVelocity- and power-load relationships in the half, parallel and full back squat
Martínez-Cava, A., Morán‐Navarro, R., Sánchez‐Medina, L., González‐Badillo, J. J., & Pallarés, J. G. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1544187 · Cited by 160
“In other regards, research attentionhas recently beenplacedon monitoring movement velocity during RT (Gonzalez-Badillo & Sanchez-Medina, 2010; Moran-Navarro et al., 2017; SánchezMedina, Pallarés, Pérez, Morán-Navarro, & González-Badillo, 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchoenfeld, B. J., Fisher, J. P., Grgić, J., Haun, C. T., Helms, E. R., Phillips, S. M., Steele, J., & Vigotsky, A. D. (2021) · International Journal of Strength and Conditioning · doi:10.47206/ijsc.v1i1.81 · Cited by 141
Metadata
- Authors
- Morán-Navarro, R., Pérez, C. E., Mora-Rodríguez, R., de la Cruz-Sánchez, E., González-Badillo, J. J., Sánchez-Medina, L., & Pallarés, J. G.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Murcia (ES)
- University of Castilla-La Mancha (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Pallarés, Jesús G.
- ORCID
- Pallarés, Jesús G.
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology
- Published
- 2017-09-30
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2387-2399
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-6319
- 1439-6327
- OpenAlex
- W2757710276
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 18.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Academica-e (Universidad Pública de Navarra) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- resistance training, training to failure, recovery time course, neuromuscular fatigue, countermovement jump, movement speed, bench press, squatting, creatine kinase, ammonia, growth hormone, exercise volume, acute fatigue
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Humans, Male, Random Allocation, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue, Recovery of Function, Resistance Training
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