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Whole sequence analysis indicates a recent southern origin of Mongolian Y-chromosome C2c1a1a1-M407
Abstract
The Y-chromosome haplogroup C2c1a1a1-M407 is a predominant paternal lineage in Mongolic-speaking populations, especially in Buryats and Kalmyks. However, the origin and internal phylogeny of C2c1a1a1-M407 have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we analyzed twenty-three Y-chromosome sequences of haplogroup C2c1a1a1-M407 and its most closely related clades. We generated a high-resolution phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2c1a1a1-M407 and its upstream clade C2c1a1-CTS2657, including 32 subclades and 144 non-private Y-chromosome polymorphisms. We discover that all available C2c1a1a1-M407 samples from Mongolic-speaking populations belong to its newly defined downstream clade C2c1a1a1b-F8465, whereas all samples of C2c1a1-CTS2657(xF8465) come from northern Han Chinese, Korean, and Japanese. Furthermore, we observe that C2c1a1a1b-F8465 and its subclade C2c1a1a1b1-F8536 expanded at approximately 0.86 and 0.44 thousand years ago, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that C2c1a1a1-M407 in Mongolic-speaking populations has originated from northeastern Asia. C2c1a1a1b1-F8536, the newly defined subclade of C2c1a1a1-M407, probably represents the genetic relationships between ancient Oyrats, modern Kalmyks, Mongolians, and Buryats.
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“Previous studies of the paternal genetic legacy of Genghis Khan and his male descendants [11–16] identified a C3*- Star Cluster [16].”
From Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, Y.-Z., Wei, L.-H., Yan, S., Wen, S.-Q., Wang, C.-C., Yang, Y.-J., Wang, L.-X., Lu, Y., Zhang, C., Xu, S.-H., Yao, D.-L., Jin, L., & Li, H.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (FR)
- Xiamen University (CN)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Hui
- Venue
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics
- Published
- 2017-12-29
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 657-663
- ISSN
- 1617-4623 (ISSN-L)
- 1617-4615
- OpenAlex
- W2780993197
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31222030, 31671297, 31401060, 31271338, 31501011, 91331204)
- MOE Scientific Research Project (113022A)
- Shanghai Shuguang Project (14SG05)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFC0900300)
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (14YF1406800)
- Future Scientists Project of China Scholarship Council
- Max Planck Society and Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- Y-chromosome phylogeny, Buryats, Kalmyks, Mongolian language, population growth, Han Chinese
- MeSH terms
- China, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Humans, Japan, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Asian People, Republic of Korea
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