Extraction and purification of anthraquinones derivatives from Aloe vera L. using alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase system
Abstract
An alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of 1-propanol and (NH4)2SO4 was employed to purify anthraquinones (AQs) extracted from Aloe vera L. The main influencing system parameters such as type of alcohol, type and concentration of salt, temperature and pH were investigated in detail. Under the optimal extraction conditions, AQs can be extracted into alcohol-rich phase with high extraction efficiency, meanwhile majority polysaccharides, proteins, mineral substances and other impurities were extracted into salt-rich phase. Partitioning of AQs is dependent on hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond interaction, and salting-out effect in ATPS. Temperature also played a great role in the partitioning. After ATPS extraction, alcohol can be recycled by evaporation; moreover, salt can be recycled by dilution crystallization method. Compared with other liquid-liquid extractions, this alcohol/salt system is much simpler, lower in cost with easier recovery of phase-forming components, which has the potential scale-up in down-processing of active ingredients in plant.
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The significant strength of two-phase separation has been the simplicity of the equipment used, while its main challenges have been slow segregation and re-extraction from the polymer phase.
“While the method's significant strength has been the simplicity of the equipment used [140], its main challenges have been the slow segregation and re-extraction from the polymer phase [142].”
From Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Using 1-propanol and (NH4)2SO4 to purify anthraquinones extracted from Aloe vera, a phase ratio of 0.34 achieved a partition coefficient of 64 and an extraction efficiency of 96%.
“The latter used 1-propanol and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 to purify anthraquinones extracted from Aloe vera.A phase ratio of 0. 34 (17.84/2666concentration of alcohol/salt % w/w), achieved a partition coefficient of 64, and an extraction efficiency of 96% were achieved [142].”
From Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
A low cost, low viscosity, easy recoverable system using an alcohol/salt two-phase system has been proposed.
“However, a low cost, low viscosity, easy recoverable system using an alcohol/salt two-phase system has also been proposed [142].”
From Natural Quinone Dyes: A Review on Structure, Extraction Techniques, Analysis and Application Potential (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
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Duc, N. M., Chia, S. R., Nomanbhay, S. M., & Devadas, V. V. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91728-5.00017-2
Abubakar, A. A., Arawande, J. O., Adeniyi, T., Moronkeji, A., Aina, O., & Salau, S. (2025) · Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research · doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v9i10.53
Benchama, Z., Bouchaane, H., Arzine, A., Hammouti, B., Elouaddari, A., Amrani, A. E., El-Hajjaji, F., & Nahlé, A. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d6ra05715b
- Authors
- Tan, Z.-J., Li, F.-F., & Xu, X.-L.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Venue
- Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering
- Published
- 2012-12-04
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1105-1113
- ISSN
- 1615-7591 (ISSN-L)
- 1615-7605
- OpenAlex
- W2053901327
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Keywords
- anthraquinones, Aloe vera, aqueous two-phase extraction, 1-propanol, ammonium sulfate, salting-out, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, partitioning, salt recycling
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Methanol, Alcohols, Aloe, Anthraquinones, Crystallization, Emodin, Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Plant Extracts, Salts, Temperature, Thermodynamics, Viscosity, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Liquid-Liquid Extraction
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