Does structural neuroimaging reveal a disturbance of iron metabolism in Parkinson's disease? Implications from MRI and TCS studies
Abstract
A central role of iron in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been discussed for many years. Numerous studies using magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial sonography have been performed to detect alterations in tissue iron content of the substantia nigra. This manuscript reviews the findings of this still controversial issue and indicates that specific abnormalities that are suggested to be related to a disturbance of iron homeostasis may play an early role in the pathogenesis of PD.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Imaging methods such as MRI and transcranial sonography were not able to substantiate the relation between total iron concentration and disease severity because of the absence of accurate quantification for iron content in different brain areas.
“Imaging methods, such as MRI and transcranial sonography, were not able to substantiate the relation between total iron concentration and disease severity because of the absence of accurate quantification for the iron content in different brain areas.104,105”
From The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [105]
An area of increased echogenicity in the substantia nigra can be visualised in about 90% of patients with Parkinson's disease.
“An area of increased echogenicity (ie, propensity to generate ultrasound echo) in the substantia nigra can be visualised in about 90% of patients with Parkinson’s disease.105”
From The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [105]
Cites
Relaxation Processes in a System of Two Spins
Solomon, I. (1955) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.99.559 · Cited by 3,295 · see citing works
Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications, Part 1
Haacke, E. M., Mittal, S., Wu, Z., Neelavalli, J., & Cheng, Y. N. (2008) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1400 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Imaging iron stores in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging
Haacke, E. M., Cheng, N. Y. C., House, M. J., Liu, Q., Neelavalli, J., Ogg, R. J., Khan, A., Ayaz, M., Kirsch, W., & Obenaus, A. (2005) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2004.10.001 · Cited by 995 · see citing works
de Rijk, M. C., Tzourio, C., Breteler, M. M., Dartigues, J. F., Amaducci, L., Lopez-Pousa, S., Manubens-Bertran, J. M., Alperovitch, A., & Rocca, W. A. (1997) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.62.1.10 · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain
Sofic, E., Riederer, P. F., Heinsen, H., Beckmann, H., Reynolds, G. P., Hebenstreit, G. F., & Youdim, M. B. H. (1988) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/bf01244786 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Altered Brain Metabolism of Iron as a Cause of Neurodegenerative Diseases?
Gerlach, M., Ben‐Shachar, D., Riederer, P. F., & Youdim, M. B. H. (1994) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63030793.x · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Berg, D., Roggendorf, W., Schröder, U., Klein, R., Tatschner, T., Benz, P., Tucha, O., Preier, M., Lange, K., Reiners, K., et al. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.6.999 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic resonance imaging markers of Parkinson's disease nigrostriatal signature
Péran, P., Cherubini, A., Assogna, F., Piras, F., Quattrocchi, C., Peppe, A., Celsis, P., Rascol, O., Démonet, J.-F., Stefani, A., et al. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq212 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Iranzo, Á., Lomeña, F., Stockner, H., Valldeoriola, F., Vilaseca, I., Salamero, M., Molinuevo, J. L., Serradell, M., Duch, J., Pavı́a, J., et al. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70216-7 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Transcranial sonography in movement disorders
Berg, D., Godau, J., & Walter, U. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70239-4 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Self-citationMidbrain iron content in early Parkinson disease
Martin, W. R. W., Wieler, M., & Gee, M. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000286384.31050.b5 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Vymazal, J., Righini, A., Brooks, R. A., Canesi, M., Mariani, C. B., Leonardi, M., & Pezzoli, G. (1999) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.211.2.r99ma53489 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Increased iron‐related MRI contrast in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease
Gorell, J. M., Ordidge, R. J., Brown, G. G., Deniau, J.-C., Buderer, N. M. F., & Helpern, J. A. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.6.1138 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Assessment of relative brain iron concentrations using T2‐weighted and T2*‐weighted MRI at 3 Tesla
Ordidge, R. J., Gorell, J. M., Deniau, J. C., Knight, R. A., & Helpern, J. A. (1994) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910320309 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Vulnerability of the nigrostriatal system as detected by transcranial ultrasound
Berg, D., Becker, G., Zeiler, B., Tucha, O. M., Hofmann, E. P., Preier, M., Benz, P. M., Jost, W. H., Reiners, K., & Lange, K. W. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.5.1026 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Self-citationFive‐year follow‐up study of hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease
Berg, D., Merz, B., Reiners, K., Naumann, M. K., & Becker, G. (2004) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20311 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationGaenslen, A., Unmuth, B., Godau, J., Liepelt, I., Santo, A. D., Schweitzer, K. J., Gasser, T., Machulla, H., Reimold, M., MAREK, K. L., et al. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70067-x · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease imaged using the PRIME magnetic resonance sequence
Graham, J. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.12.2423 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Zecca, L., Berg, D., Arzberger, T., Ruprecht, P., Rausch, W. D., Musicco, M., Tampellini, D., Riederer, P., Gerlach, M., & Becker, G. (2005) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.20550 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationMRI evaluation of brain iron in earlier- and later-onset Parkinson’s disease and normal subjects
Bartzokis, G., Cummings, J. L., Markham, C. H., Marmarelis, P. Z., Treciokas, L. J., Tishler, T. A., Marder, S. R., & Mintz, J. (1999) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/s0730-725x(98)00155-6 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
High resolution magnetic susceptibility mapping of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease
Lotfipour, A. K., Wharton, S., Schwarz, S. T., Gontu, V. K., Schäfer, A., Peters, A. M., Bowtell, R. W., Auer, D. P., Gowland, P. A., & Bajaj, N. P. S. (2011) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.22752 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Iron Deposition in Neurological Disorders
Brass, S. D., Chen, N., Mulkern, R. V., & Bakshi, R. (2006) · Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1097/01.rmr.0000245459.82782.e4 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Isoforms of ferritin have a specific cellular distribution in the brain
Connor, J. R., Boeshore, K. L., Benkovic, S. A., & Menzies, S. L. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.490370405 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The relation between brain iron and NMR relaxation times: An in vitro study
Vymazal, J., Brooks, R. A., Baumgarner, C. D., Tran, V., Katz, D., Bulte, J. W. M., Bauminger, E. R., & Chiro, G. D. (1996) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910350108 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
T 2 relaxation time in patients with Parkinson's disease
Antonini, A., Leenders, K. L., Meier, D., Oertel, W. H., Boesiger, P., & Anliker, M. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.4.697 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra in rats visualized by ultrasound
Berg, D., Grote, C., Rausch, W., Mäurer, M., Wesemann, W., Riederer, P. F., & Becker, G. (1999) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(99)00046-0 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Self-citationCombined R2* and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Changes in the Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease
Du, G., Lewis, M. M., Styner, M. A., Shaffer, M. L., Sen, S., Yang, Q. X., & Huang, X. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23643 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
MRI assessment of basal ganglia iron deposition in Parkinson's disease
Wallis, L. I., Paley, M. N. J., Graham, J., Grünewald, R. A., Wignall, E. L., Joy, H. M., & Griffiths, P. D. (2008) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.21563 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Baudrexel, S., Nürnberger, L., Rüb, U., Seifried, C., Klein, J. C., Deller, T., Steinmetz, H., Deichmann, R., & Hilker, R. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.005 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Cai, P., Luo, C., Qian, Z., Dai, Y., & Feng, H. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.036 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Butros, S. R., Shuai, X., Dai, Y., Chen, C., Liu, M., Haacke, E. M., Hu, J., & Xu, H. (2011) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2765 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Enlarged Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity and Risk for Parkinson Disease
Berg, D. (2011) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.141 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationMichaeli, S., Öz, G., Sorce, D. J., Garwood, M., Uǧurbil, K., Majestic, S., & Tuite, P. (2006) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21227 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
MRI evaluation of the basal ganglia size and iron content in patients with Parkinson's disease
Kosta, P., Argyropoulou, M. I., Markoula, S., & Konitsiotis, S. (2005) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0914-9 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Gupta, D. K., Saini, J. S., Kesavadas, C., Sarma, P. S., & Kishore, A. (2010) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-010-0677-6 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Jin, L., Wang, J., Zhao, L., Jin, H., Fei, G., Zhang, Y., Zeng, M., & Zhong, C. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq319 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Magnetic resonance imaging in progressive supranuclear palsy and other parkinsonian disorders
Savoiardo, M., Girotti, F., Strada, L., et al. (1994) · Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6641-3_8 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Echogenicity of the substantia nigra in relatives of patients with sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Dörfler, P., Berg, D., Tucha, O. M., Benz, P. M., Meier-Meitinger, M., Alders, G. L., Lange, K. W., & Becker, G. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(02)00035-6 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationRyvlin, P., Broussolle, E., Piollet, H., Viallet, F., Khalfallah, Y., & Chazot, G. (1995) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1995.00540300057013 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
MR imaging of Parkinson disease with spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences
Braffman, B., Grossman, R. I., Goldberg, H. I., et al. (1989) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.152.1.159 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Dexter, D. T., Sian, J., Jenner, P. G., & MARSDEN, C. D. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 82 · see citing works
T1ρ and T2ρ MRI in the evaluation of Parkinson’s disease
Nestrašil, I., Michaeli, S., Liimatainen, T., Rydeen, C. E., Kotz, C. M., Nixon, J. P., Hanson, T., & Tuite, P. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5446-2 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Atasoy, H. T., Nuyan, O., Tunç, T., et al. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Biochemical fundamentals of Parkinson's disease.
Riederer, P. F., Rausch, W., Schmidt, B., Kruzik, P., Konradi, C. L., Sofic, E., Danielczyk, W., Fischer, M., & Ogris, E. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Berg, D. (2007) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-007-9346-5 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationBehnke, S., Schroeder, U., Dillmann, U., Buchholz, H., Schreckenberger, M., Fuss, G., Reith, W., Berg, D., & Krick, C. M. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.072 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, W., Sheng-gan, S., Jiang, Y.-H., Qiao, X., Sun, X., & Wu, Y. (2009) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-009-0225-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity is a risk marker of Parkinson’s disease: yes
Berg, D. (2011) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-010-0565-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic resonance relaxometry in Parkinson's disease
Mondino, F., Filippi, P., Magliola, U., et al. (2002) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s100720200083 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Potential role of high‐field MRI for studies in Parkinson's disease
Schuff, N. W. (2009) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22647 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Magnetic resonance imaging in parkinsonisms.
Rutledge, J. N., Schallert, T., & Hall, S. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
[Susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting brain iron accumulation of Parkinson's disease].
Huang, X., Sun, B., Xue, Y., et al. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders
Ward, R. J., Zucca, F. A., Duyn, J. H., Crichton, R. R., & Zecca, L. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70117-6 · Cited by 1,819 · see citing works
Iron metabolism in the CNS: implications for neurodegenerative diseases
Rouault, T. A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3453 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gröger, A., & Berg, D.
- Affiliations
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gröger, Adriane
- ORCID
- Berg, Daniela
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Transmission
- Published
- 2012-08-09
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1523-1528
- ISSN
- 0300-9564 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1463
- OpenAlex
- W1964966606
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Transmission (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, iron metabolism, iron homeostasis, substantia nigra, tissue iron content, transcranial ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, neurodegeneration pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Iron, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review