Cited by 134Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal HealthcarePersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

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Heterogeneity in perinatal depression: how far have we come? A systematic review

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Santos, Hudson, Tan, Xianming, Salomon, Rebecca·2017·Archives of Women's Mental Health

DOI 10.1007/s00737-016-0691-8PMC PMC5507213

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Abstract

Despite perinatal depression (PND) being a common mental disorder affecting pregnant women and new mothers, limited attention has been paid to the heterogeneous nature of this disorder. We examined heterogeneity in PND symptom profiles and symptom trajectories. Literature searches revealed 247 studies, 23 of which were included in the final review. The most common statistical approaches used to explore symptom and trajectory heterogeneity were latent class model and growth mixture model. All but one study examined PND symptom trajectories and provided collective evidence of at least three heterogeneous patterns: low, medium, or chronic-high symptom levels. Social and psychological risk factors were the most common group of predictors related to a higher burden (high sum of score) of depressive symptoms. These studies were consistent in reporting poorer health outcomes for children of mothers assigned to high burden symptom trajectories. Only one study explored heterogeneity in symptom profile and was the only one to describe the specific constellations of depressive symptoms related to the PND heterogeneous patterns identified. Therefore, there is limited evidence on the specific symptoms and symptom configurations that make up PND heterogeneity. We suggest directions for future research to further clarify the PND heterogeneity and its related mechanisms.

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Authors: Santos, H., Tan, X., & Salomon, R.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
ORCID: Santos, Hudson
Tan, Xianming
Salomon, Rebecca
Venue: Archives of Women's Mental Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2016-10-29
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-23
ISSN: 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
1435-1102
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-016-0691-8
PMC: PMC5507213
OpenAlex: W2545237038
Cited by: 133
References: 56
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6
FWCI: 1.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Funders: NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (550KR131619)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: perinatal depression, heterogeneity, symptom trajectories, symptom profiles, latent class models, growth mixture modeling, risk factors, maternal mental health, child health outcomes, chronic depression
MeSH terms: Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Mothers, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Puerperal Disorders

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Heterogeneity in perinatal depression: how far have we come? A systematic review

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