Trajectories of mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 24 months postpartum
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated trajectories of mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms from prenatal to 24 months postpartum. Prenatal correlates of the trajectories were also examined. METHODS: Mothers (N = 1670) and fathers (N = 1604) from the Finnish CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort, reported depressive symptoms at 32nd pregnancy week and 3, 8, and 24 months postpartum using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D, 10-item). Profile analysis was used to group participants according to their longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms. Prenatal predictors (sociodemographic, health, substance use, sleep, and stress related factors, family atmosphere) of depressive symptom trajectories as well as association between parents' trajectories were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: For both mothers and fathers, a solution with three stable depressive symptom trajectories (low: 63.1% mothers and 74.9% fathers; moderate: 28.1% and 22.6%; high: 8.8% and 2.6%) was considered the best fitting and most informative. Insomnia, earlier depression, anxiousness, stressfulness, and poor family atmosphere predicted the moderate and high (compared to low) depressive symptom trajectories among both mothers and fathers in multivariate analyses. Mother's higher depressive symptom trajectory was significantly associated with father's higher symptom trajectory (p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Number of cases in the high depressive symptom trajectory group among fathers was low. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal and paternal depressive symptom trajectories from prenatal period up to two years postpartum seem stable, indicating the chronic nature of perinatal depressive symptoms. Mothers' and fathers' trajectories are associated with each other and their strongest predictors are common to both.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Fathers experience similar rates of perinatal depression as mothers.
“evidence suggests that fathers experience similar rates of perinatal depression as mothers and that depressive symptoms remain relatively stable up to 2 years postpartum [18].”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The Results (page unavailable) report lower rates of self-reported depression among fathers than mothers at every measurement: 5.1% versus 11.0% prenatally and 10.2% versus 14.5% at 24 months postpartum. The study finds relatively stable symptom trajectories for both parents, but that does not establish similar rates of depression. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPaternal depressive symptoms remain relatively stable up to 2 years postpartum.
“evidence suggests that fathers experience similar rates of perinatal depression as mothers and that depressive symptoms remain relatively stable up to 2 years postpartum [18].”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
Research showed a high prevalence of parental symptomatology after birth, which extends in a more chronic level of sub-clinical symptomatology for about 20-30% of parents during the first postpartum years.
“This is important because research showed a high prevalence of parental symptomatology after birth, which extends in a more chronic level of sub-clinical symptomatology for about 20–30% of parents during the first postpartum years [52, 59].”
The gender differences in depression, anxiety, and sleep at 6 weeks postpartum are in line with earlier research.
“This is in line with earlier research [59, 101].”
Previous research into depression suggested that the rise in symptomatology fathers experience after birth takes place later in the first year and develops more slowly than is the case for mothers.
“Previous research into depression suggested that the rise in symptomatology fathers experience after birth takes place later in the first year and develops more slowly than is the case for mothers [59].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807 · see citing works
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364 · see citing works
Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Incidence
Gavin, N. I., Gaynes, B. N., Lohr, K. N., Meltzer-Brody, S., Gartlehner, G., & Swinson, T. (2005) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000183597.31630.db · Cited by 3,282 · see citing works
Predictors of Postpartum Depression
Beck, C. T. (2001) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004 · Cited by 1,960 · see citing works
Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature
Robertson, E., Grace, S., Wallington, T., & Stewart, D. E. (2004) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2004.02.006 · Cited by 1,886 · see citing works
Postpartum depression: current status and future directions
O'Hara, M. W., & McCabe, J. E. (2013) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612 · Cited by 1,750 · see citing works
Paulson, J. F., & Bazemore, S. D. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.605 · Cited by 1,337 · see citing works
Missing Data Techniques for Structural Equation Modeling.
Allison, P. D. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.4.545 · Cited by 1,335 · see citing works
Screening for Depression in the Older Adult
Irwin, M. R., Artin, K. H., & Oxman, M. N. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.15.1701 · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works
Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review
Lancaster, C. A., Gold, K. J., Flynn, H. A., Yoo, H., Marcus, S. M., & Davis, M. M. (2010) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.09.007 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Brugha, T. S., & Cragg, D. (1990) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01360.x · Cited by 883 · see citing works
Paulson, J. F., Dauber, S., & Leiferman, J. A. (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2948 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
The State--Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait version: structure and content re-examined
Bieling, P. J., Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00023-0 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Prevalence of paternal depression in pregnancy and the postpartum: an updated meta-analysis
Cameron, E. E., Sedov, I. D., & Tomfohr-Madsen, L. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.044 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ): a quantitated measure of subjective sleep complaints
Partinen, M., & Gíslason, Þ. (1995) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00205.x · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Paternal and maternal depressed mood during the transition to parenthood
Matthey, S., Barnett, B. E. W., Ungerer, J. A., & Waters, B. G. H. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00159-7 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Depression in Men in the Postnatal Period and Later Child Psychopathology: A Population Cohort Study
Ramchandani, P. G., Stein, A. L., O’Connor, T. G., Heron, J., Murray, L., & Evans, J. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31816429c2 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Framework to construct and interpret latent class trajectory modelling
Lennon, H., Kelly, S., Sperrin, M., Buchan, I., Cross, A. J., Leitzmann, M., Cook, M. B., & Renehan, A. G. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020683 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Postpartum Depression is a Family Affair: Addressing the Impact on Mothers, Fathers, and Children
Letourneau, N. L., Dennis, C.-L., Benzies, K., Duffett-Leger, L., Stewart, M., Tryphonopoulos, P. D., Este, D., & Watson, W. (2012) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840.2012.673054 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Three Multivariate Models: Factor Analysis, Latent Structure Analysis, and Latent Profile Analysis
Gibson, W. A. (1959) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289845 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
The Course of Postpartum Depression: A Review of Longitudinal Studies
Vliegen, N., Casalin, S., & Luyten, P. (2014) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000013 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review
Sweeney, S., & MacBeth, A. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.073 · Cited by 257 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2016) and the importance of expecting and new fathers’ mental well-being on child's mental health has been recognized (Paulson et al., 2006; Sweeney and MacBeth, 2016), also independently from mothers’ well-being”
BackgroundHeterogeneity of postpartum depression: a latent class analysis
† (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00055-8 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Correlates of ante- and postnatal depression in fathers: a systematic review
Wee, K. Y., Skouteris, H., Pier, C., Richardson, B., & Milgrom, J. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.019 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Grzywacz, J. G., Hovey, J. D., Seligman, L. D., Arcury, T. A., & Quandt, S. A. (2006) · Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1177/0739986306290645 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Davé, S., Petersen, I., Sherr, L., & Nazareth, I. (2010) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.184 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Perinatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms as an Issue for Population Health
Meaney, M. J. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17091031 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Sad dads: paternal postpartum depression.
Kim, P., & Swain, J. E. (2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The relationship between sleep and postpartum mental disorders: A systematic review
Lawson, A., Murphy, K. E., Sloan, E. P., Uleryk, E. M., & Dalfen, A. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.017 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
The course and interrelationship of maternal and paternal perinatal depression
Paulson, J. F., Bazemore, S. D., Goodman, J. H., & Leiferman, J. A. (2016) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0598-4 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
A systematic review and meta-analysis of interpersonal psychotherapy for perinatal women
Sockol, L. E. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.018 · Cited by 158 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…our findings suggest that perinatal depression, whether mild or more severe, begins in many cases already during pregnancy, thus indicating a phenomenon that warrants early (even pre-pregnancy) detection and appropriate treatment efforts (Stuart and Koleva, 2014; Patton et al., 2015; Sockol, 2018).”
BackgroundBielawska‐Batorowicz, E., & Kossakowska‐Petrycka, K. (2006) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646830500475179 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Baron, E., Bass, J., Murray, S. M., Schneider, M., & Lund, C. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.046 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Study of Paternal Mental Health During Transition to Fatherhood as Young Adults
Garfield, C. F., Duncan, G. J., Rutsohn, J. P., McDade, T. W., Adam, E. K., Coley, R. L., & Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3262 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Giallo, R., Woolhouse, H., Gartland, D., Hiscock, H., & Brown, S. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0672-2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Heterogeneity in perinatal depression: how far have we come? A systematic review
Santos, H., Tan, X., & Salomon, R. (2017) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0691-8 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Fiala, A., Švancara, J., Klánová, J., & Kašpárek, T. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1261-y · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Patton, G. C., Romaniuk, H., Spry, E., Coffey, C., Olsson, C., Doyle, L. W., Oats, J., Hearps, S., Carlin, J. B., & Brown, S. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62248-0 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Maternal and paternal sleep during pregnancy in the Child-sleep birth cohort
Paavonen, E. J., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Pölkki, P., Kylliäinen, A., Porkka‐Heiskanen, T., & Paunio, T. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.09.011 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationSaxbe, D., Schetter, C. D., Guardino, C. M., Ramey, S. L., Shalowitz, M. U., Thorp, J. M., & Vance, M. R. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9815-7 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Predictors of Postpartum Depression in Partnered Mothers and Fathers from a Longitudinal Cohort
The APrON Team, Leung, B. M. Y., Letourneau, N. L., Giesbrecht, G. F., Ntanda, H. N., & Hart, M. J. (2016) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-016-0060-0 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Psychological treatments for perinatal depression
Stuart, S. P., & Koleva, H. K. (2013) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Transition to fatherhood: New perspectives in the global context of changing men's identities
Crespi, I., & Ruspini, E. (2015) · International Review of Sociology · doi:10.1080/03906701.2015.1078529 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Developmental trajectories of pregnant and postpartum depression in an epidemiologic survey
Tebeka, S., Strat, Y. L., & Dubertret, C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.058 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Barker, E. D. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002450 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sleeping problems during pregnancy—a risk factor for postnatal depressiveness
Pietikäinen, J. T., Polo‐Kantola, P., Pölkki, P., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Paunio, T., & Paavonen, E. J. (2018) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-018-0903-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationVolling, B. L., Yu, T., Gonzalez, R., Tengelitsch, E., & Stevenson, M. M. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000743 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Trajectories of Postpartum Depression in Italian First-Time Fathers
Molgora, S., Fenaroli, V., Malgaroli, M., & Saita, E. (2017) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988316677692 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Drozd, F., Haga, S. M., Valla, L., & Slinning, K. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.081 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Paternal mental health trajectory classes and early fathering experiences
Vänskä, M., Punamäki, R., Tolvanen, A. J., Lindblom, J., Flykt, M. S., Unkila‐Kallio, L., Tulppala, M., & Tiitinen, A. E. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025416654301 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sleeping problems during pregnancy : a risk factor for postnatal depressiveness
Pietikäinen, J. T., Polo‐Kantola, P., Pölkki, P., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Paunio, T., & Paavonen, E. J. (2019) · STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Khoury, J. E., Atkinson, L., Bennett, T., Jack, S. M., & Gonzalez, A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.027 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Insomnia symptoms during pregnancy: A meta‐analysis
Sedov, I. D., Anderson, N. J., Dhillon, A. K., & Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M. (2020) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13207 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Thiel, F., Pittelkow, M.-M., Wittchen, H.-U., & Garthus-Niegel, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.563287 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
When Fathers Begin to Falter: A Comprehensive Review on Paternal Perinatal Depression
Bruno, A., Celebre, L., Mento, C., Rizzo, A., Silvestri, M. C., Stefano, R. D., Zoccali, R. A., & Muscatello, M. R. A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17041139 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Fisher, S. D., Cobo, J., Figueiredo, B., Fletcher, R. J., Garfield, C. F., Hanley, J., Ramchandani, P. G., & Singley, D. B. (2021) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-021-01171-y · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Pietikäinen, J. T., Kiviruusu, O. H., Kylliäinen, A., Pölkki, P., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Paunio, T., & Paavonen, E. J. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13126 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationMissler, M., van Straten, A., Denissen, J., Donker, T., & Beijers, R. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03341-9 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Exploring Heterogeneity in perinatal depression: a comprehensive review
Waqas, A., Nadeem, M., & Rahman, A. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05121-z · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The longitudinal course of depressive symptoms during the perinatal period: A systematic review
Vanwetswinkel, F., Bruffaerts, R., Arif, U., & Hompes, T. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.087 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Palagini, L., Bramante, A., Baglioni, C., Tang, N., Grassi, L., Altena, E., Johann, A. F., Geoffroy, P. A., Biggio, G., Mencacci, C., et al. (2022) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-022-01226-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Exclusive Breastfeeding Moderates the Association Between Prenatal and Postpartum Depression
Figueiredo, B., Pinto, T. M., & Costa, R. A. (2021) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/0890334421991051 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Paternal perinatal stress is associated with children's emotional problems at 2 years
Challacombe, F. L., Pietikäinen, J. T., Kiviruusu, O. H., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Paunio, T., & Paavonen, E. J. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13695 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationPerinatal depression and risk of maternal cardiovascular disease: a Swedish nationwide study
Lu, D., Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., Wei, D., Chen, Y., Andreassen, O. A., Fang, F., László, K. D., & Bränn, E. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae170 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Korja, R., Nolvi, S., Scheinin, N. M., Tervahartiala, K., Carter, A. S., Karlsson, H., Kataja, E., & Karlsson, L. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.076 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Choi, C., Mersky, J. P., Janczewski, C. E., & Goyal, D. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.026 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Rusanen, E., Lahikainen, A. R., Vierikko, E., Pölkki, P., & Paavonen, E. J. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01398-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationGenova, F., Neri, E., Trombini, E., Stella, M., & Agostini, F. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.080 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The trajectories of depression symptoms and comorbidity in knee osteoarthritis subjects
Li, M., Nie, Y., Zeng, Y., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, L., & Shen, B. (2021) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-021-05847-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Huhdanpää, H., Morales‐Muñoz, I., Aronen, E. T., Pölkki, P., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Kylliäinen, A., & Paavonen, E. J. (2020) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01057-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors influencing prenatal and postpartum depression in Korea: a prospective cohort study
Yoo, H., Ahn, S., Park, S., Kim, J., Oh, J., & Koh, M. (2021) · Korean journal of women health nursing/Yeoseong geon'gang ganho hag'hoeji/Yeoseong geon-gang ganho hakoeji · doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2021.11.17 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kumar, S. A., Franz, M. R., DiLillo, D., & Brock, R. L. (2022) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12788 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The role of stress in perinatal depression and anxiety – A systematic review
Schalla, M. A., & Stengel, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101117 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Neri, E., Giovagnoli, S., Genova, F., Benassi, M., Stella, M., & Agostini, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578264 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Psychiatric Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review
Tambelli, R., Tosto, S., & Favieri, F. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15020173 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Costantini, I., Kwong, A. S. F., Major‐Smith, D., Lewcock, M., Lawlor, D. A., Moran, P., Tilling, K. M., Golding, J., & Pearson, R. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.599240 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zheng, J., Han, R., & Gao, L. (2023) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.13588 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Palagini, L., Cipriani, E., Caruso, V., Sharma, V., Gemignani, A., Bramante, A., Miniati, M., & Riemann, D. W. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-023-01463-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mental health trajectories of fathers following very preterm birth: associations with parenting
McMahon, G. E., Anderson, P. J., Giallo, R., Pace, C. C., Cheong, J. L., Doyle, L. W., Spittle, A. J., Spencer-Smith, M. M., & Treyvaud, K. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa041 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mazza, M., Kotzalidis, G. D., Avallone, C., Balocchi, M., Sessa, I., De Luca, I., Hirsch, D., Simonetti, A., Janiri, D., Loi, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12101598 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bränn, E., Chen, Y., Song, H., László, K. D., D'Onofrio, B. M., Hysaj, E., Almqvist, C., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., et al. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02351-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lin-Lewry, M., Nguyen, C. T. T., Huda, M. H., Tsai, S., Chipojola, R., & Kuo, S. (2024) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105405 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Beato, A. F., Albuquerque, S., Akik, B. K., da Costa, L. P., & Salvador, Á. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858356 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Perinatal depression and its health impact
Bränn, E., Shen, Q., & Lu, D. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.p2777 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Postnatal Depression Beyond 12 Months: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Hellyer, E., Nash, K., Jones, E., Sitch, A. J., Janković, J., Berrisford, G. S., Casey, A., & MacArthur, C. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.70018 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Agostini, F., Neri, E., Genova, F., Trombini, E., Provera, A., Biasini, A., & Stella, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159478 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mangialavori, S., Giannotti, M., Cacioppo, M., Spelzini, F., & Baldoni, F. (2020) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11010010 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Macdonald, J. A., Graeme, L. G., Wynter, K. H., Cooke, D., Hutchinson, D. M., Kendall, G. E., StGeorge, J. M., Dowse, E., Francis, L. M., MCBRIDE, N. T., et al. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.081 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Missler, M. A., van Straten, A., Denissen, J. J. A., Donker, T., de Weerth, C., & Beijers, R. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001203 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lin-Lewry, M., Tzeng, Y., Li, C., Lee, G. T., Lee, P., Chen, S., & Kuo, S. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13918 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Smith, I., O’Dea, G. A., Demmer, D. H., Youssef, G. J., Craigie, G., Francis, L. M., Coles, L., D’Souza, L., Cain, K., Knight, T., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.065 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Depression Treatment in Pregnancy: Is It Safe, or Is It Not?
Gallitelli, V., Franco, R., Guidi, S., Puri, L., Parasiliti, M., Vidiri, A., Eleftheriou, G., Perelli, F., & Cavaliere, A. F. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21040404 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Depression in Children's Lives
Crnic, K. A., & Lin, B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887144 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wang, C., Hou, J., Li, A., & Kong, W. (2023) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s408347 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Clifford, B. N., Eggum, N. D., Rogers, A. A., Porter, C. L., Gale, M., Sheppard, J. A., Lucca, K., Rainey, V. R., Bradley, R. H., Holmgren, H. G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.255 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yang, C., Fu, R., Wang, H., Jiang, Y., Zhang, S., & Ji, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1427255 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nieh, H., Chang, C.-J., & Chou, L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031891 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ditch, S., Roberts, T. A., & Hansen, S. L. (2020) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2019.12.011 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jia, L., Ji, F., Wu, J., Wang, Y., & Wu, C. (2020) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2020.02.007 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Risk factors of paternal perinatal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Obikane, E., Nishi, D., Morisaki, N., & Tabuchi, T. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2023.2245556 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Uriko, K., Christoforou, A., Motrico, E., Moreno-Peral, P., Akik, B. K., Žutić, M., & den Berg, M. P. L. (2023) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2023.2266470 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ku, S., Werchan, D. M., Feng, X., & Blair, C. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424000117 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Madsen, K. B., Mægbæk, M. L., Thomsen, N. S., Liu, X., Eberhard‐Gran, M., Skalkidou, A., Bergink, V., & Munk‐Olsen, T. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.056 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Höflich, A. S., Kautzky, A., Slamanig, R., Kampshoff, J., & Unger, A. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Solorzano, C. S., & Grano, C. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111484 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mesches, G. A., Ciolino, J. D., Stika, C. S., Sit, D. K. Y., Zumpf, K. B., Fisher, S. D., Clark, C. T., George, A. L., Avram, M. J., Rasmussen‐Torvik, L. J., et al. (2022) · Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1176/appi.prcp.20210034 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Scarlett, H., Wiernik, E., & van der Waerden, J. E. B. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.008 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Baldoni, F., Agostini, F., Terrone, G., Casu, G., & Giannotti, M. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11060907 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A dynamic perspective on depressive symptoms during the first year postpartum.
Winstone, L. K., Somers, J. A., Curci, S. G., & Luecken, L. J. (2023) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000878 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Jambon, M. M., Afifi, T. O., Atkinson, L. R., Bennett, T. A., Duku, E., Duncan, L., Joshi, D., Kimber, M., MacMillan, H. L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.884591 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Coparenting as a family‐level construct: Parent and child inputs across the first two years
Bai, L., Chimed‐Ochir, U., & Teti, D. M. (2024) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12993 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Boda, H., Nishijo, M., Nishino, Y., Sasagawa, T., OSAKA, Y., Fujita, S., Sakamoto, J., Takakura, M., TAKAGI, H., Shibata, T., et al. (2023) · Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) · doi:10.1265/jjh.22002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The perception of childbearing sense of coherence among Chinese couples: a qualitative study
Li, B., Yuan, M., Zhang, K., Ni, S., Zhao, H., Lang, X., Hu, Z., & Zeng, T. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17363-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The correlation between spousal support and postpartum depression in fathers
Tuncer, S. K., & Binici, D. K. (2022) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.13075 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gidén, K., Björvang, R. D., White, R. A., Vinnerljung, L., Iliadis, S. I., Skalkidou, A., & Fransson, E. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/7734542 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Muzard, A., Olhaberry, M., Immel, N. F., & Morán, J. (2021) · Research in Psychotherapy Psychopathology Process and Outcome · doi:10.4081/ripppo.2021.551 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Work and Family Transitions Throughout Adulthood and the Impact on Health: A Systematic Review
Montgomery, S. C., Short, J. R., Ledermann, T., Kimmes, J. G., Longley, K. E., Manhiri, E., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2022) · Journal of Population Ageing · doi:10.1007/s12062-022-09382-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zamir, O., Szepsenwol, O., Shahar, B., Lassri, D., & Shai, D. (2022) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12814 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Postnatal depression in fathers: a quiet struggle?
Ramluggun, P., Kamara, A., & Anjoyeb, M. (2020) · British Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjmh.2019.0042 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lindroos, E., Räikkönen, E., Malinen, K., Leach, L., Matias, M., & Rönkä, A. K. (2025) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.70001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fu, B., Zhang, S., Xiang, L., Cai, M., Ou, M., Tang, G., Huang, R., Lei, J., & Lu, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1692231 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chen, J., Zeng, G., Guo, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, W., Ding, Y., Zhang, S., Peng, M., & Gao, B. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119834 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Predictors of Postpartum Depression Among Women with Low Incomes in the United States
Lau, E., & Adams, Y. J. (2023) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000000955 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mahmoud, H. A. H., Lakkimsetti, M., Alverde, M. J. B., Shukla, P. S., Nazeer, A. T., Shah, S., Chougule, Y., Nimawat, A., & Pradhan, S. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.66478 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Han, R., & Gao, L. (2024) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2024.2411274 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhai, R., & Yang, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1514024 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yan, P., Liu, X., & Xu, J. (2022) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2022.07.008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ten-year trajectories of postpartum depression of Japanese mothers and fathers
Kubo, T., Jikihara, Y., Todo, N., Aramaki, M., Shiozaki, N., & Ando, S. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.154 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Postpartum depression in men – a common but rarely understood problem
Leśniewska, M., Budzyńska, J., Kozioł, I., & Milanowska, J. (2021) · Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu · doi:10.26444/monz/138621 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bränn, E., Guintivano, J., Yang, Y., Lundborg, L., Opatowski, M., Fang, F., Valdimarsdóttir, U. A., Fransson, E., Skalkidou, A., Lu, Y., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03212-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
COVID‐19 pandemic effects: Examining prenatal internalizing symptoms and infant temperament
Mattera, J. A., Erickson, N. L., Barbosa‐Leiker, C., & Gartstein, M. A. (2024) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/infa.12583 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Vaillancourt, M., Deville-Stoetzel, J.-B., deMontigny, F., Dubeau, D., Gervais, C., Meunier, S., Pierce, T., Ditto, B., & Costa, D. D. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06768-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Alemu, S. S., Wedajo, L. F., Gezimu, W., Geda, B., & Hajure, M. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06351-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kerstis, B., Jönsson, P., Derwig, M., Nilsson, K. W., Hallström, I., & Lindeberg, S. (2025) · Child: Care, Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.70099 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sulaiman, S., Yim, I. S., & Dosani, A. (2025) · Minerva Psychiatry · doi:10.23736/s2724-6612.25.02631-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Handelzalts, J. E., Ohayon, S., Levy, S., & Peled, Y. (2024) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-023-02604-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sleep duration and sleep loss during pregnancy: a longitudinal FinnBrain birth cohort study
Aukia, L., Paavonen, E. J., Karlsson, L., Pelto, J., Perasto, L., Karlsson, H., & Polo‐Kantola, P. (2024) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-024-07727-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationNieh, H., Chou, L.-T., & Chang, C.-J. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053211049944 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Polygenic risk for neuroticism is associated with externalizing symptoms in 2-year-old boys
Liuhanen, J., Kantojärvi, K., Acosta, H., Pietikäinen, J. T., Nolvi, S., Savukoski, M., Kylliäinen, A., Pölkki, P., Karlsson, H., Karlsson, L., et al. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110720 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationPerinatal Depression: Etiology, Risk Factors, and Biomarkers
Bränn, E., Yu, H., Zhou, J., Chen, Y., & Lu, D. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32035-4_151-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trajectories of depressive symptoms of mothers and fathers over 11 years
Csajbók, Z., Fořt, J., & Kearns, P. B. (2025) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796025000174 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Predictors of Antenatal Depression in Pregnant Couples
Oh, J., & Ahn, S. (2021) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/10547738211065238 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Counseling Mexican American Men Struggling with Paternal Postpartum Depression
Hernandez, S., Brown, T., & Henderson, S. E. (2022) · Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1177/07399863231153296 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Faisal‐Cury, A., Tabb, K. M., & Matijasevich, A. (2024) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.09.014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sifaki, M., Flouri, E., & Midouhas, E. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02854-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Solberg, B., Hagen, M., Berg, R. C., Glavin, K., Brekke, M., Sæther, K. M., Øygarden, A. U., & Olsvold, N. (2024) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883241255188 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yang, C., Chang, S., Yang, Y., Lin, W., Chen, S., & Lee, C. (2024) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2024.2407442 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Culpin, I., Pearson, R., Wright, N., Stein, A., Bornstein, M. H., Fredriksen, E., Evans, J., Miller, T., Dermott, E., Heron, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120855 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Psychosocial risk factors for depression and anxiety in European postpartum women: A scoping review
Zelčāne, E., Pipere, A., Vende-Kotova, K., Mestere, A., & Mārtinsone, K. (2026) · European Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.18332/ejm/216184 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Svendsrud, H., Bekkhus, M., Lund, O., Shai, D., Spencer, R., Smith, L., Moe, V., Totsi, S., Ullebø, A., & Fredriksen, E. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106224 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bergunde, L., Jaramillo, I., Rihm, L., Gao, W., Weidner, K., von Soest, T., Steudte‐Schmiedgen, S., & Garthus‐Niegel, S. (2026) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111649 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kiviruusu, O., Pietikäinen, J. T., Kylliäinen, A., Pölkki, P., Saarenpää-Heikkilä, O., Marttunen, M., Paunio, T., & Paavonen, E. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Tampere University (FI)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Kiviruusu, Olli
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 260
- Pages
- 629-637
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2972737000
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 11.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö
- Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin Säätiö
- Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
- Lastentautien Tutkimussäätiö
- Emil Aaltosen Säätiö
- Academy of Finland (308588, 309117, 134880, 277557, 253346, 317080 AK)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- perinatal depression, maternal depressive symptoms, paternal depressive symptoms, depressive symptom trajectories, prenatal predictors, insomnia, anxiety, stress, family climate, postpartum depression
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Fathers, Female, Finland, Gestational Age, Humans, Male, Mothers, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological, Cohort Studies, Depression, Postpartum
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
