Depression and anxiety levels in patients with temporomandibular disorders: comparison with the general population
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to compare levels of depression and anxiety of a group of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) to the general population. Materials and methods Diagnosis of orofacial pain attributed to a TMD was given according the DC/TMD classification system. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were used to respectively screen for depression and anxiety. Scores of these two questionnaires in the study group were compared to the scores of two large population samples representing normative data in the general population. Results Two hundred forty-three patients (191 females and 52 males) were included in the study. Both Kolmogorov-Smirnov and chi-square testing showed statistically significant higher scores (p ≤ 0.05) for both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in the study group in comparison with the general population and PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were strongly correlated. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that screening for depression and anxiety should be considered in the diagnosis of patients with orofacial pain attributed to a TMD. Clinical relevance PHQ-9 and GAD-7 could be used to assist clinicians, without specific training in mental health, to screen for potential signs of existing comorbidity of depression or anxiety disorders in patients with orofacial pain attributed to TMD.
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Several studies find high levels of anxiety and depression in TMD patients.
“Several studies find high levels of anxiety and depression in TMD patients (Simoen et al., Citation2020; Sójka et al., Citation2019).”
From The association between pain-related factors and psychological distress in patients with temporomandibular disorder. (2023) · cites this paper as Simoen et al., 2020
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Anker, E. A., Sande, T., Arefjord, K., Hystad, S. W., & Rosén, A. (2023) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2022.2121969 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Several studies find high levels of anxiety and depression in TMD patients (Simoen et al., 2020; Sójka et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResult
- Authors
- Simoen, L., Van den Berghe, L., Jacquet, W., & Marks, L.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Simoen, Louis
- Venue
- Clinical Oral Investigations
- Published
- 2020-03-26
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3939-3945
- ISSN
- 1432-6981 (ISSN-L)
- 1436-3771
- OpenAlex
- W3012956018
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 11.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Oral Investigations (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- temporomandibular disorders, depression, anxiety, orofacial pain, PHQ-9, GAD-7, depression screening, anxiety screening, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Depression, Facial Pain, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
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