Determinants of pain treatment response and nonresponse: identification of TMD patient subgroups
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled The purpose of the present study was to determine if we could identify a specific subtype of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain patients that does not respond to treatment. Patients were 101 men and women with chronic TMD pain recruited from the community and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment conditions: a standard conservative care (STD) condition or a standard care plus cognitive-behavioral therapy condition (STD + CBT) in which patients received all elements of STD but also received cognitive-behavioral coping skills training. Growth mixture modeling, incorporating a series of treatment-related predictors, was used to distinguish several distinct classes of responders or nonresponders to treatment based on reported pain over a 1-year follow-up period. Results indicated that treatment nonresponders accounted for 16% of the sample and did not differ from treatment responders on demographics or temporomandibular joint pathology, but that they reported more psychiatric symptoms, poorer coping, and higher levels of catastrophizing. Treatment-related predictors of membership in treatment responder groups versus the nonresponder group included the addition of CBT to STD, treatment attendance, and decreasing catastrophization. It was concluded that CBT may be made more efficacious for TMD patients by placing further emphasis on decreasing catastrophization and on individualizing care.Perspective This article provides evidence that the TMD chronic pain population is heterogeneous and that a subsample of patients will be unresponsive to standard or psychosocial approaches. The addition of CBT to treatment may be helpful for this group, but new individualized approaches will be needed to treat all patients effectively.
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About 20% of people with chronic pain have depression, compared with less than 7% of the general population, and this pattern is found worldwide.
“Approximately 20% of individuals with chronic pain also have depression, while less than 7% of the general population experiences this disorder, and these findings hold not just for the U.S. but around the world 231–235.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [233]
Non-responders to pain treatment exhibit poorer coping and higher level of pessimism.
“it has been shown that non-responders to pain treatment exhibit poorer coping and higher level of pessimism (Litt and Porto 2013).”
From Low-grade inflammation may moderate the effect of behavioral treatment for chronic pain in adults (2016) · cites this paper as Litt and Porto 2013
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- Authors
- Litt, M. D., & Porto, F. B.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Litt, Mark D.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1502-1513
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3818312
- OpenAlex
- W2002521930
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01-DE14607, R01DE014607)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR006192, M01 RR 06192)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Complementary and Manual Therapy › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- temporomandibular disorders, chronic pain, treatment response, treatment non-responders, cognitive behavioral therapy, pain catastrophizing, coping, psychiatric symptoms, patient subgroups, growth mixture modeling, individualized care
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Patient Compliance, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Treatment Failure, Catastrophization, Pain Management
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