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Cited by 39Climate Change, Adaptation, MigrationClimate Change Communication and PerceptionHydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact

Promise, premise, and reality: the case of voluntary environmental non-migration despite climate risks in coastal Bangladesh

Open access
Ahsan, Md. Nasif, Khatun, Fatema, Kumar, Pankaj, Dasgupta, Rajarshi, Johnson, Brian Alan, Shaw, Rajib·2022·Regional Environmental Change
DOI 10.1007/s10113-021-01864-1
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Abstract

Despite confronting severe climatic risks, many people prefer to remain in climate hazard-prone areas rather than migrate. Environmental non-migration behavior, however, has gained relatively little research attention in the field of migration processes. This study aims to unveil the determinants motivating voluntary environmental non-migration decisions in coastal Bangladesh, an area highly exposed to flooding and other climate-related hazards (e.g., soil salinization). Applying a systematic random sampling, we selected 556 household respondents for a questionnaire survey from 14 villages of two coastal districts: Khulna and Satkhira. Applying a mixed method (i.e., both quantitative and qualitative) approach, major empirical results of this study suggest that even though all respondents lived in a similar situation in terms of climatic hazard and exposure, 88% of the respondents reported themselves as voluntary non-migrants. Furthermore, these non-migrants enjoyed higher socioeconomic and sociopsychological advantages and availed more local support from different government and non-government organizations than involuntary non-migrants. Again, mutual assistance, connection with social groups, natural resource access, sense of secured livelihood, stable societal atmosphere, and participation in decision-making in society appeared to build their higher degree of social capital $$({\chi }^{2}\left(4\right)=57.80;p<0.000)$$ ( χ 2 4 = 57.80 ; p < 0.000 ) compared to involuntary non-migrants. All these features lead to a favorable environment that ultimately drove the respondents to become voluntary non-migrants.

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  • Other studies of immobility in environmentally exposed areas of Bangladesh find that 84% to 88% of immobility is voluntary, based on respondents' self-assessment.

    “This split is similar to other studies of immobility in environmentally exposed areas of Bangladesh, which find that 84% (Khatun et al. 2022) to 88% (Ahsan et al. 2022) of immobility is voluntary, based on respondents’ self-assessment.”

    From Trapped by climate change? (In)voluntary immobility in Bangladesh (2025) · cites this paper as Ahsan et al. 2022

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Adger WN, Pulhin JM, Barnett J, Dabelko GD, Hovelsrud GKM et al (2014) Human security. In: Field CB, Barros VR, Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD, Bilir TE, Chatarjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, Mac- Craken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assess- ment Report of IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York 755-791
  2. Mallick B (2019) The nexus between socio-ecological system, live- lihood resilience, and migration decisions: empirical evidence from Bangladesh. Sustainability (Switzerland) 11. https:// doi. org/ 10. 3390/ su100 23332 · DOI

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Authors
Ahsan, M. N., Khatun, F., Kumar, P., Dasgupta, R., Johnson, B. A., & Shaw, R.
Affiliations
  • Khulna University (BD)
  • Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (JP)
  • Keio University (JP)
Corresponding author
  • Ahsan, Md. Nasif
  • Kumar, Pankaj
ORCID
Venue
Regional Environmental Change
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-12-11
Volume
22
Issue
1
Pages
not provided
ISSN
  • 1436-378X (ISSN-L)
  • 1436-3798
DOI
10.1007/s10113-021-01864-1
OpenAlex
W4200150140
Cited by
39
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7
FWCI
9.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Regional Environmental Change (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (CRRP2019-01MY-Kumar)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Hydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact
Keywords
climate risk, coastal Bangladesh, social capital, migration determinants, floods, soil salinization, household livelihoods, mutual aid, social networks, access to natural resources, decision-making participation, non-governmental organizations

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