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Demographic studies enhance the understanding of evolutionarily (mal)adaptive behaviors and phenomena in humans: a review on fertility decline and an integrated model

Morita, Masahito·2018·Population Ecology
DOI 10.1007/s10144-017-0597-y
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Abstract

Recently, statistical analyses of demographic datasets have come to play an important role for studies into the evolution of human life history. In the first part of this paper, I highlight fertility decline, an evolutionarily paradoxical phenomenon in terms of fitness maximization. Then, I conduct a literature review regarding the effects of socioeconomic status on the number of offspring, especially in modern developed, (post‐)industrial, and low‐fertility societies. Although a non‐positive relationship between them has often been recognized as a general feature of fertility decline, there actually exists a great deal of variation. Based on the review, I discuss the association between socioeconomic success and reproductive success, and tackle an evolutionary question as to why people seek higher socioeconomic success that would not directly lead to higher reproductive success. It has been suggested that, in modern competitive environments, parents should set a higher value on their investment in children, and aim to have a smaller number of high‐quality children. Also, parents would maintain higher socioeconomic status for themselves so as to provide high‐levels of investment in their children. In the second part, I broadly consider seemingly evolutionarily (mal)adaptive outcomes besides fertility decline, including child abuse, menopause, and suicide. The integration of the major three approaches to human behavioral and psychological research (behavioral ecology, evolutionary psychology, and cultural evolution) could lead to a deeper understanding. I provide a model for the integrated approach. Rich empirical evidence accumulated in demographic studies, especially longitudinal and cross‐cultural resources, can assist to develop a theoretical framework.

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Metadata

Authors
Morita, M.
Affiliations
Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Shonan Village, Hayama‐machi, Miura‐gun 240‐0193 Kanagawa Japan
ORCID
Morita, Masahito
Venue
Population Ecology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2017-11-03
Volume
60
Issue
1-2
Pages
143-154
ISSN
  • 1438-3896
  • 1438-390X
DOI
10.1007/s10144-017-0597-y
Cited by
11
References
4
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (13J04635, 25245061, 26285128)
  • SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Japan (NA)
  • Professor Takenori Takada (Responsible Editor) (For English editing)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Demographic studies enhance the understanding of evolutionarily (mal)adaptive behaviors and phenomena in humans: a review on fertility decline and an integrated model. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s10144-017-0597-y
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Morita, M. (2018). Demographic studies enhance the understanding of evolutionarily (mal)adaptive behaviors and phenomena in humans: a review on fertility decline and an integrated model. Population Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-017-0597-y