Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: an update
Abstract
In 1998, the first plasmid-mediated gene involved in quinolone resistance (currently named qnrA1) was reported. Extra qnr-like plasmid-mediated genes (qnrB, qnrS, qnrC, qnrD) and their chromosomal homologues have also been characterized. These genes code for a pentapeptide repeat protein that protects type II topoisomerases from quinolones. Since then, there have been reports of two other plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms: the modification of quinolones with a piperazinyl substituent by the acetyltransferase, Aac(6')-Ib-cr; and active efflux by QepA and OqxAB, pumps related to major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters. These genes have a wide geographic distribution (mainly in Enterobacteriaceae). Because of the difficulties of phenotypic detection of this type of resistance, its real prevalence is only partially known. One important point is that although these mechanisms cause only low-level resistance, they favor and complement the selection of other resistance mechanisms.
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Reduction in the DNA gyrase-DNA interaction by Qnr decreases the opportunities for quinolone to form and stabilize the lethal gyrase-cleaved DNA-quinolone complex.
“It is thought that this reduction in the DNA gyrase-DNA interaction decreases the opportunities of the quinolone molecule to form and stabilize the gyrase-cleaved DNA-quinolone complex that is lethal for the cell (55).”
From Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance (2016) · cites this paper as [55]
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IS Ecp1 -Mediated Transposition of qnrB -Like Gene in Escherichia coli
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- Authors
- Rodríguez-Martínez, J. M., Velasco, C., Pascual, Á., Cano, M. E., Martínez-Martínez, L., Martínez-Martínez, L., & Pascual, Á.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Sevilla (ES)
- Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Rodríguez-Martínez, José Manuel
- Velasco, Carmen
- Cano, María Eliecer
- Venue
- Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-182
- ISSN
- 1341-321X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964492646
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 260
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, qnr genes, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qnrD, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA, oqxAB, major facilitator superfamily transporter, efflux pumps, Enterobacteriaceae, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, resistance prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Acetyltransferases, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Proteins, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plasmids, Quinolones, Prevalence, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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