Cited by 306Antibiotic Resistance in BacteriaPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsDrug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms

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Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: an update

Rodríguez-Martínez, José Manuel, Velasco, Carmen, Pascual, Álvaro, Cano, María Eliecer, Martínez-Martínez, Luis, Martínez-Martínez, Luis, Pascual, Álvaro·2011·Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

DOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0120-2

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Abstract

In 1998, the first plasmid-mediated gene involved in quinolone resistance (currently named qnrA1) was reported. Extra qnr-like plasmid-mediated genes (qnrB, qnrS, qnrC, qnrD) and their chromosomal homologues have also been characterized. These genes code for a pentapeptide repeat protein that protects type II topoisomerases from quinolones. Since then, there have been reports of two other plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms: the modification of quinolones with a piperazinyl substituent by the acetyltransferase, Aac(6')-Ib-cr; and active efflux by QepA and OqxAB, pumps related to major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters. These genes have a wide geographic distribution (mainly in Enterobacteriaceae). Because of the difficulties of phenotypic detection of this type of resistance, its real prevalence is only partially known. One important point is that although these mechanisms cause only low-level resistance, they favor and complement the selection of other resistance mechanisms.

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Prevalence of qnr genes among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacterial isolates in Barcelona, Spain
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Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Aeromonas allosaccharophila recovered from a Swiss lake
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Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrS1 found in Salmonella enterica strains isolated in the UK
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Vibrio splendidus as the Source of Plasmid-Mediated QnrS-Like Quinolone Resistance Determinants
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Plasmid-mediated resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in Hong Kong
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Detection of the Pandemic O25-ST131 Human Virulent Escherichia coli CTX-M-15-Producing Clone Harboring the qnrB2 and aac ( 6 ′)- Ib-cr Genes in a Dog
Pomba, C., da Fonseca, J. D., Baptista, B., Correia, J. D., & Martı́nez-Martı́nez, L. (2008) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00896-08 · Cited by 107
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Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among enterobacterial isolates from outpatients in Brazil
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High prevalence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrA in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from blood cultures in Liverpool, UK
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Presence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Possessing bla KPC in the United States
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Presence of qnr gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to ciprofloxacin isolated from pediatric patients in China
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Development of Resistance during Antimicrobial Therapy Caused by Insertion Sequence Interruption of Porin Genes
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Emergence of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of multilocus sequence types 1, 11, 14, 17, 20, 35 and 36 as pathogens and colonizers in newborns and adults
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Role of a qnr -Like Gene in the Intrinsic Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to Fluoroquinolones
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Temporal Appearance of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes
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Mobilizable IncQ-Related Plasmid Carrying a New Quinolone Resistance Gene, qnrS2 , Isolated from the Bacterial Community of a Wastewater Treatment Plant
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Prevalence of Quinolone Resistance Mechanisms and Associations to Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans and Swine in Denmark
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Complex Class 1 Integrons with Diverse Variable Regions, Including aac ( 6 ′)- Ib - cr , and a Novel Allele, qnrB10 , Associated with IS CR1 in Clinical Enterobacterial Isolates from Argentina
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High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in commensal members of the Enterobacteriaceae in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Surveillance for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in Enterobacteriaceae within the Calgary Health Region, Canada: the emergence of aac(6')-Ib-cr
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Characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates from infants and toddlers in Wuhan, China
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Fluoroquinolone AUIC Break Points and the Link to Bacterial Killing Rates Part 2: Human Trials
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SmQnr Contributes to Intrinsic Resistance to Quinolones in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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The Prevalence of the OqxAB Multidrug Efflux Pumpamongst Olaquindox-Resistant Escherichia coli in Pigs
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Impact of Low-Level Resistance to Fluoroquinolones Due to qnrA1 and qnrS1 Genes or a gyrA Mutation on Ciprofloxacin Bactericidal Activity in a Murine Model of Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection
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Detection of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnr among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing AmpC-type -lactamase
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Association of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase VEB-1
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Characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella flexneri in Hangzhou area of China
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Mutant Prevention Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones for Enterobacteriaceae Expressing the Plasmid-Carried Quinolone Resistance Determinant qnrA1
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Correlation of quinolone resistance levels and differences in basal and quinolone-induced expression from three qnrA-containing plasmids
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Mechanisms of Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Strains Exhibiting a Nonclassical Quinolone Resistance Phenotype
Gunell, M., Webber, M. A., Kotilainen, P., Lilly, A. J., Caddick, J. M., Jalava, J., Huovinen, P., Siitonen, A., Hakanen, A., & Piddock, L. J. V. (2009) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00121-09 · Cited by 71
Chromosomal Integration of the Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Gene bla CTX-M-15 in Salmonella enterica Serotype Concord Isolates from Internationally Adopted Children
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Molecular Characteristics of Travel-Related Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from the Calgary Health Region
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First report of qnrB-producing Enterobacter cloacae and qnrA-producing Acinetobacter baumannii recovered from Algerian hospitals
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Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in ESBL Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates over a 1-year period in a French hospital
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Qnr-like pentapeptide repeat proteins in Gram-positive bacteria
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Energy-Dependent Accumulation of Norfloxacin and Porin Expression in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Relationship to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Production
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New antibiotic resistance genes associated with CTX-M plasmids from uropathogenic Nigerian Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants qnrA , qnrB , and qnrS among Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in a Korean Hospital
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GyrI: a counter‐defensive strategy against proteinaceous inhibitors of DNA gyrase
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Fluoroquinolone AUIC Break Points and the Link to Bacterial Killing Rates
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Prevalence and distribution of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli lacking extended-spectrum -lactamases
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Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in China and Detection of a Conjugative Plasmid ( bla KPC-2 plus qnrB4 ) and a bla IMP-4 Gene
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus Chromosomal qnr Homologue VPA0095: Demonstration by Transformation with a Mutated Gene of Its Potential To Reduce Quinolone Susceptibility in Escherichia coli
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Dual activity of fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae: the facts behind the claims
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First Report of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinant qnrS1 in an Escherichia coli Strain of Animal Origin in Italy
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Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance inSalmonellaisolated from animals in Japan
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High Rates of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance QnrB Variants Among Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Urinary Tract Infections in Korea
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Prevalence of aac(6′)-Ib-cr Encoding a Ciprofloxacin-Modifying Enzyme among Enterobacteriaceae Blood Isolates in Korea
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Authors: Rodríguez-Martínez, J. M., Velasco, C., Pascual, Á., Cano, M. E., Martínez-Martínez, L., Martínez-Martínez, L., & Pascual, Á.
Affiliations: Universidad de Sevilla (ES)
Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (ES)
Corresponding author: Rodríguez-Martínez, José Manuel
Velasco, Carmen
Cano, María Eliecer
ORCID: Rodríguez-Martínez, José Manuel
Venue: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Pages: 149-182
ISSN: 1341-321X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1007/s10156-010-0120-2
OpenAlex: W1964492646
Cited by: 306
References: 260
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 1.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Keywords: plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, qnr genes, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qnrD, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qepA, oqxAB, major facilitator superfamily transporter, efflux pumps, Enterobacteriaceae, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, resistance prevalence
MeSH terms: Acetyltransferases, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Proteins, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plasmids, Quinolones, Prevalence, Drug Resistance, Bacterial

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Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: an update

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