Topics in lipoprotein glomerulopathy: an overview
Abstract
Here, we introduce four topics in lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG). To date, approximately 150 cases of LPG have been reported worldwide. Recently two groups studied hot spots of APOE-Sendai and APOE-Kyoto, the representative variants of LPG, in narrow areas of Japan and China, respectively. They suggest that both variants have descended through a founder effect. APOE-Sendai and APOE-Kyoto cause different transformations of apolipoproteins aggregating lipoproteins and resulting in lipoprotein thrombi within the glomerulus. Moreover, the macrophage impairment in LPG may provide another mechanism for lipoprotein thrombi in which massive lipoproteins accumulate in the glomerulus without foam cells. On the other hand, the administration of fibrate with the intensive control of triglyceride and apolipoprotein E particularly from the early phase will ameliorate LPG and prevent renal dysfunction.
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Mutated apoE has been proposed as a factor outside the kidney crucial for LPG pathogenesis because LPG is related to inherited apoE gene mutations acting dominantly with incomplete penetrance.
“One such factor has been proposed to be mutated apoE, because LPG has been related with inherited mutations within the apoE gene that act in a dominant way but with incomplete penetrance (1,2,5,6).”
From Thermodynamic destabilization and aggregation propensity as the mechanism behind the association of apoE3 mutants and lipoprotein glomerulopathy (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
Fibrate should be effective for LPG.
“which should be effective for LPG [10,11].”
From Lipoprotein glomerulopathy with a novel apolipoprotein E variant, APOE Kanto (Asp 151dup) (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
Chinese LPG patients have the highest incidence of APOE Kyoto (Arg25Cys) mutations, while Japanese LPG patients mainly have APOE Sendai (Arg145Pro) mutations.
“Among them, Chinese LPG patients have the highest incidence of APOE Kyoto (Arg25Cys) mutations, while Japanese LPG patients mainly have APOE Sendai (Arg145Pro) mutations [3, 4].”
From A case report of youth-onset lipoprotein glomerulopathy with APOE Chicago mutation (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
The APOE Kyoto mutation site is located outside the LDLR binding region (136-150).
“APOE Kyoto is a common LPG mutation, and the mutation site is located outside the LDLR binding region (136–150) [1].”
From Identification of a founder haplotype of <i>APOE Kyoto</i> variant in lipoprotein glomerulopathy (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
More than 15 APOE mutations, or eighteen APOE variants, have been associated with LPG.
“More than 15 APOE mutations have been associated with LPG”
From Identification of a founder haplotype of <i>APOE Kyoto</i> variant in lipoprotein glomerulopathy (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
To date, 16 apoE variants have been reported to be related to LPG, including apoE Chengdu.
“To date, 16 apoE variants10) have been reported to be related to LPG, including apoE Chengdu.”
From The Novel Apolipoprotein E Mutation ApoE Chengdu (c.518T＞C, p.L173P) in a Chinese Patient with Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy (2018) · cites this paper as [10]
ApoE mutation plays a principal role in the pathogenesis of LPG.
“Although apoE mutation has been recognized as having a principal role in the pathogenesis of LPG”
From A case of lipoprotein glomerulopathy with a rare apolipoprotein E isoform combined with neurofibromatosis type I (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
Factors other than apoE mutation are involved in the pathogenesis of LPG, because many asymptomatic carriers of apoE variants exist.
“some other factors are assumed to be present in the pathogenesis of LPG, because many asymptomatic carriers of apoE variants are recognized.”
From A case of lipoprotein glomerulopathy with a rare apolipoprotein E isoform combined with neurofibromatosis type I (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
Fifteen novel apoE variants associated with LPG have been identified.
“Fifteen novel apoE variants associated with LPG have been identified so far [4].”
From A case of lipoprotein glomerulopathy with a rare apolipoprotein E isoform combined with neurofibromatosis type I (2018) · cites this paper as [4]
Cites
Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy: Glomerular Lipoprotein Thrombi in a Patient With Hyperlipoproteinemia
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Self-citationAbnormal Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein Pattern in Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy
Oikawa, S., Suzuki, N., Sakuma, E., Saito, T., Namai, K., Kotake, H., Fujii, Y., & Toyota, T. (1991) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80649-4 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationGeorgiadou, D., Stamatakis, K., Efthimiadou, E. K., Kordas, G., Gantz, D., Chroni, A., & Stratikos, E. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m030965 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Apolipoprotein E–related glomerular disorders
Saito, T., Matsunaga, A., Fukunaga, M., Nagahama, K., Hara, S., & Muso, E. (2020) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2019.10.031 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, H., Yang, Y., & Hu, Z. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.41996 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Lipoprotein glomerulopathy induced by ApoE Kyoto mutation in ApoE-deficient mice
Wu, H., Yang, J., Liu, Y.-Q., Lei, S., Yang, M., Yang, Z., Yang, Y., & Hu, Z. (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02765-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Self-citationLipoprotein glomerulopathy with a novel apolipoprotein E variant, APOE Kanto (Asp 151dup)
Yokochi, A., Matsunaga, A., Kanemoto, K., Tominaga, N., Uda, S., & Saito, T. (2024) · CEN Case Reports · doi:10.1007/s13730-024-00920-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationA case report of youth-onset lipoprotein glomerulopathy with APOE Chicago mutation
Liu, Y., Cheng, Y., Wen, Y., Li, C., Chen, G., & Li, M. (2024) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-024-03515-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Identification of a founder haplotype of <i>APOE Kyoto</i> variant in lipoprotein glomerulopathy
Wu, H., He, Z., Yang, J., Zhou, Y., Yang, Z., Hu, Z., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaf234
- Authors
- Saito, T., Matsunaga, A., Ito, K., & Nakashima, H.
- Affiliations
- Fukuoka University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Saito, Takao
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
- Published
- 2013-10-23
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 214-217
- ISSN
- 1342-1751 (ISSN-L)
- 1437-7799
- OpenAlex
- W1996238694
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Clinical and Experimental Nephrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- lipoprotein glomerulopathy, founder effect, lipoprotein aggregation, fibrate therapy, renal dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Apolipoproteins E, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Kidney Glomerulus, Macrophages, Nephrotic Syndrome, Fenofibrate, Hypertriglyceridemia, Founder Effect, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Apolipoprotein E2
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