The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sweat testing to evaluate autonomic function
Open accessAbstract
Sudomotor dysfunction is common in many subtypes of neuropathy but is one of the earliest detectable neurophysiologic abnormalities in distal small fiber neuropathy. Clinical assessments of sudomotor function include thermoregulatory sweat testing (TST), quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing (QSART), silicone impressions, the sympathetic skin response (SSR), the acetylcholine sweat-spot test and quantitative direct and indirect axon reflex testing (QDIRT). These testing techniques, when used in combination, can detect and localize pre- and postganglionic lesions, can provide early diagnosis of sudomotor dysfunction and can monitor disease progression or disease recovery. In this article, we describe many of the common clinical tests available for evaluation of sudomotor function with focus on the testing methodology and limitations while providing concrete examples of test results.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Sweat testing has historically been used in applications ranging from medical diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and autonomic neuropathy to assessment of fluid and electrolyte balance in endurance athletes (6–10).”
From Regional and correlative sweat analysis using high-throughput microfluidic sensing patches toward decoding sweat (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A NEW PROGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF RECTAL CANCER
Jass, J. R., Love, S., & Northover, J. M. A. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90552-6 · Cited by 701
Shahani, B. T., HALPERIN, J. J., Boulu, P., & Cohen, J. (1984) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.47.5.536 · Cited by 602
Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test in normal and neuropathic subjects
Low, P. A., Caskey, P. E., Tuck, R. R., Fealey, R. D., & Dyck, P. J. B. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410140513 · Cited by 491
Vetrugno, R., Liguori, R., Cortelli, P., & Montagna, P. (2003) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-003-0107-5 · Cited by 475
(2013) · Acta Neurologica Belgica · doi:10.1007/13760.2240-2993 · Cited by 462
Sympathetic reflex latencies and conduction velocities in normal man
Fagius, J., & Wallin, B. G. (1980) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(80)90098-2 · Cited by 366
Thermoregulatory Sweating Abnormalities in Diabetes Mellitus
Fealey, R. D., Low, P. A., & Thomas, J. E. (1989) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65338-5 · Cited by 274
Testing the Autonomic Nervous System
Low, P. A. (2003) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-2004-817725 · Cited by 244
Detection of small‐fiber neuropathy by sudomotor testing
Low, V. A., Sandroni, P., Fealey, R. D., & Low, P. A. (2006) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.20551 · Cited by 227
Clinical autonomic disorders : evaluation and management
Low, P. A. (1997) · Cited by 202
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–253 of 253
Neuropathie des petites fibres : mise au point diagnostique, étiologique et thérapeutique
Sène, D. (2017) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2017.10.019 · Cited by 1
Autonome Small-Fiber-Neuropathien
Weidemann, M. L., Reichmann, H., Ziemssen, T., Buchmann, S. J., Illigens, B. M. W., & Siepmann, T. (2019) · Neurologie up2date · doi:10.1055/a-0794-9314 · Cited by 1
Self-citationAssessment of Sudomotor Function
Schondorf, R. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386525-0.00084-6 · Cited by 1
Insensibilidad congénita al dolor.
Rosas, E. P., & Buendia-Corona, R. E. (2021) · Revista Ciencia y Salud Integrando conocimientos · doi:10.34192/cienciaysalud.v5i4.314 · Cited by 1
Harrison, E. (2016) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 1
Sharma, M. (2017) · Neurology India · doi:10.4103/0028-3886.217981 · Cited by 1
Diabetic Neuropathy – Clinical
Gibbons, C. H. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119309642.ch9 · Cited by 2
Self-citationKhurana, R. K. (2014) · Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.00513-3 · Cited by 1
Blaszkiewicz, M., Caron, L., Villinski, B., Passarelli, J. P., Towne, J. M., Story, N. M., Merchant, E., Khan, F. S., Emanetoglu, N. W., Kass, L., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.03.530993 · Cited by 1
Fraga, J. C. D. L. T., & Mesa‐Álvarez, L. (2016) · Piel · doi:10.1016/j.piel.2015.10.009 · Cited by 1
Patient mit Small-Fiber-Neuropathie — das können Sie tun
Siepmann, T., Penzlin, A. I., Frenz, E., Barlinn, K., Weidner, K., Ziemssen, T., Reichmann, H., & Illigens, B. M. W. (2015) · MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s15006-015-3300-2
Self-citationThe many faces of autonomic failure in multiple system atrophy
Meissner, W. G., & Traon, A. P. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26917
Early Detection of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus by SUDOSCAN
Alkhawaja, S. A. M., Alhelu, S. A. J., & Jumaa, Y. S. (2018) · International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research · doi:10.14741/ijmcr.v6i01.10903
Iodo e Amido! Ptose, miose e hemianidrose.
Julião, I., & Pires, M. (2014) · Galicia Clínica · doi:10.22546/29/547
Haga, Y., & Tsuruoka, N. (2020) · Journal of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging · doi:10.5104/jiep.23.299
Herpes simplex encephalitis manifested as hemifacial anhidrosis
Yang, T., Kim, S. J., Yoon, C. H., Jung, S., Cho, E. B., Jeong, H., Kim, D.-H., Kim, Y., Kwon, O., & Park, K. (2021) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-020-00748-4
Stillman, M. J., Fouad-Tarazi, F. M., Zhou, L., Shields, R., Jaeger, F. J., Mayuga, K. A., Cherian, N., Karafa, M., Butters, K., & Horvat, M. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3745105
P-156 転移性肺腫瘍の手術成績と予後因子の検討(一般示説23 転移性肺腫瘍(3),世界をリードする呼吸器外科医に!,第23回日本呼吸器外科学会総会)
須田, 一., 青野, 哲., 古屋敷, 剛., 吉田, 勤., 河内, 利., 中里, 陽., 武井, 秀., 塚田, 久., 野上, 博., 輿石, 義., et al. (2006) · The Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery
Disablement Model Case Study: Running with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Fenney, J., Reitz, W., & Ericksen, H. M. (2021) · Clinical Practice in Athletic Training · doi:10.31622/2021/0004.2.7
Chima, A. M., & Smith, D. I. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91455-4_9
CASELLINI, C. M., Parson, H. K., Bailey, M. D., Dyson, T., Voorhees, A. S. V., Vinik, A. I., & Siraj, E. S. (2022) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2021.0112
Khurana, R. K. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.03947-x
Development of a prototype toe sensor for detection of diabetic peripheral small fiber neuropathy
Tronstad, C., Pabst, O., Amini, M., Kleggetveit, I. P., Elvebakk, O., Martinsen, Ø. G., Jenssen, T. G., Hisdal, J., Berg, T. J., & Qvigstad, E. (2022) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871101
Komorbiditäten (Begleiterkrankungen)
Sturm, K., Jung, H., & Maier, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65041-7_3
Sympathetic Arousal Detection in Horses Using Electrodermal Activity
Golzari, K., Kong, Y., Reed, S. A., & Posada-Quintero, H. F. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13020229
Prevalence of somatic small fiber neuropathy in elderly: a review
Aguiar, A. B., Duarte, I. A., do Nascimento, G. R. M., Neto, J. D. R. B. J., Aguiar, A. B., Lima, M. P. P., Santiago, R. B., Fernandes, A. C., & dos Santos, J. C. C. (2023) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i6.41978
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA MINING TO PERSONALIZE CYSTIC FIBROSIS TREATMENT
Muñoz, J. L., & Jimmy Andrés León Muñoz, G. R. S. M. (2023) · Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University · doi:10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.4.86
Leo, R. D., & Rocchi, C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43036-7_18
Chan, A. C. Y., Wong, R. S. H., & Foo, N. W. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99967-0.00242-8
Neurofeedback for Anorexia — RelaxNeuron — Aimed in Dissolving the Root Neuronal CausePreprint
Matsuyanagi, K. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4792155/v1
Evaluation of small fibre neuropathies
Malek, N., Hutchinson, J., Naz, A., & Cordivari, C. (2024) · Practical Neurology · doi:10.1136/pn-2023-004054
Amran, M. Y., Soraya, G. V., & Nur, H. (2024) · Polish Annals of Medicine · doi:10.29089/paom/193654
Talati, A., Karalasingham, K., Lei, L. Y., Sheldon, R. S., & Raj, S. R. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15734-9.00026-1
New method of thermoregulatory sweat test using metachromatic clothes
Lee, G., Kim, J., Kim, M.-K., Kim, M.-J., Cho, E. B., Park, K., Yim, N., Kim, J., & Kang, H. (2025) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-025-08015-y
Neurofeedback for Anorexia — RelaxNeuron — Aimed in Dissolving the Root Neuronal CausePreprint
Matsuyanagi, K. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4792155/v3
(2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-12186-9.00040-2
de Jesus, M. J. M., Lima, B. D. S., Albuquerque, D. D. T. M., Pinto, N. M., Soares, B. D. S., Prado, D. V. S., Santos, I. A., Castro, F. D. S., Neves, E. L. D. A., Serafini, M. R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry · doi:10.1007/s10973-025-14175-y
Traon, A. P., Adamec, I., Habek, M., & Misery, L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95702-1.00479-6
A Measurement-Based Approach to Sweat Analysis for Neuropathy Assessment
Imbriglia, M., Vito, L. D., Caporaso, G., Provitera, V., & Nolano, M. (2025) · IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA) · doi:10.1109/memea65319.2025.11067979
Evaluation of autonomic dysfunction in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis
Martínez‐Valle, F., Casasnovas-Pons, C., Acebal, M. R., & Galán-Dávila, L. (2025) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2025.08.002
La peau comme fenêtre du système nerveux : physiopathologie et biomarqueurs
Stevens, M. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f1789b82z51e7z4176z963az1f1c4e76067f
Etude des marqueurs de la neuropathie à l’oxaliplatine
Delmotte, J.-B. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ce8124aez4a45z40f7zaf21z7133a63c3b0a
Anhidrosis: An underappreciated factor in dermatologic diseases
Lutz, G. F., Davis, M. D. P., Sandroni, P., Coon, E. A., & Valinotti, J. S. (2026) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2026.05.027
Shen, H., Liu, S., Liu, M., Liu, Y., Wen, F., Wang, M., Wang, Y., Gao, Q., Ma, J., Li, L., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aed8456
Traon, A. P., Chouchou, F., Roche, F., & Hentzen, C. (2026) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Neurologie · doi:10.1016/s0246-0378(26)42812-2
Cortez, M. M., Cook, G., Miglis, M. G., Raj, S. R., Robbins, N. M., Singer, W., Sletten, D. M., Stino, A. M., & Vernino, S. A. (2026) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-026-01238-9
Evidence of autoimmune etiology in children with small fiber neuropathy
Rook, M., Perry, F., Zaheer, A., Safder, S., & Prakash, V. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1927782
Sudomotor dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Sredanović, M., Skorić, M. K., Rakuša, H., Jakob, G. B., Gomezelj, S., & Habek, M. (2026) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2026.108006
Metadata
- Authors
- Illigens, B. M. W., & Gibbons, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Autonomic Research
- Published
- 2008-11-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 79-87
- ISSN
- 0959-9851 (ISSN-L)
- 1619-1560
- PMC
- PMC3046462
- OpenAlex
- W2155748720
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Clinical Autonomic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K23NS050209)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Nerve Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Sympathectomy and Hyperhidrosis Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Keywords
- sweat test, sudomotor dysfunction, autonomic function, thermoregulatory sweat test, sympathetic skin response, small fiber neuropathy, disease progression monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological, Humans, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Reflex, Sweat, Sweating
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
