Thermochemical conversion of municipal solid waste into energy and hydrogen: a review
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The rising global population is inducing a fast increase in the amount of municipal waste and, in turn, issues of rising cost and environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative treatments such as waste-to-energy should be developed in the context of the circular economy. Here, we review the conversion of municipal solid waste into energy using thermochemical methods such as gasification, combustion, pyrolysis and torrefaction. Energy yield depends on operating conditions and feedstock composition. For instance, torrefaction of municipal waste at 200 °C generates a heating value of 33.01 MJ/kg, while the co-pyrolysis of cereals and peanut waste yields a heating value of 31.44 MJ/kg at 540 °C. Gasification at 800 °C shows higher carbon conversion for plastics, of 94.48%, than for waste wood and grass pellets, of 70-75%. Integrating two or more thermochemical treatments is actually gaining high momentum due to higher energy yield. We also review reforming catalysts to enhance dihydrogen production, such as nickel on support materials such as CaTiO 3, SrTiO 3, BaTiO 3, Al 2 O 3, TiO 3, MgO, ZrO 2. Techno-economic analysis, sensitivity analysis and life cycle assessment are discussed.
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Waste plastics are difficult to handle due to their complex composition and large quantity, and recycling them by green methods gains global attention.
“Waste plastics are difficult to handle due to its complex composition and large quantity, and the recycling of waste plastics in green methods gains global attention (Nanda and Berruti 2021b;Nandhini et al. 2022).”
From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Nandhini et al. 2022
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- Authors
- Nandhini, R., Berslin, D., Sivaprakash, B., Rajamohan, N., & Vo, D.-V. N.
- Affiliations
- Annamalai University (IN)
- Sohar University (OM)
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Sivaprakash, Baskaran
- Rajamohan, Natarajan
- Vo, Dai-Viet N.
- Venue
- Environmental Chemistry Letters
- Published
- 2022-03-24
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1645-1669
- ISSN
- 1610-3653 (ISSN-L)
- 1610-3661
- PMC
- PMC8945873
- OpenAlex
- W4220681187
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 13
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Chemistry Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Keywords
- municipal solid waste, waste-to-energy, thermochemical conversion, gasification, pyrolysis, torrefaction, combustion, hydrogen production, reforming catalysts, nickel catalysts, co-pyrolysis, carbon conversion, calorific value, circular economy, techno-economic analysis, life cycle assessment, sensitivity analysis
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