Perceptual evaluation of backchannel strategies for artificial listeners
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The production of certain forms of backchannels is likely to sound very 'off' given the preceding context, even if the timing might be appropriate.
“This is important also for surface-focussed systems, since the production of certain forms of backchannels are likely to sound very 'off, ' given the preceding context, even if the timing might be appropriate (Poppe et al., 2013).”
From Modeling Feedback in Interaction With Conversational Agents—A Review (2022) · cites this paper as Poppe et al., 2013
Cites
Praat: Doing Phonetics by Computer
(2011) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0b013e31821473f7 · Cited by 8,004 · see citing works
Some functions of gaze-direction in social interaction
Kendon, A. (1967) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(67)90005-4 · Cited by 2,524 · see citing works
Some signals and rules for taking speaking turns in conversations.
Duncan, S. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033031 · Cited by 1,386 · see citing works
Bavelas, J. B., Coates, L., & Johnson, T. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.941 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
(1998) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv11cw36q.8 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Listener responses as a collaborative process: the role of gaze
Bavelas, J. B., Coates, L., & Johnson, T. (2002) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02562.x · Cited by 583 · see citing works
On the structure of speaker–auditor interaction during speaking turns
Duncan, S. (1974) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404500004322 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Prosodic features which cue back-channel responses in English and Japanese
Ward, N., & Tsukahara, W. (2000) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/s0378-2166(99)00109-5 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
The SEMAINE corpus of emotionally coloured character interactions
McKeown, G. J., Valstar, M., Cowie, R., & Pantić, M. (2010) · IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) · doi:10.1109/icme.2010.5583006 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Koiso, H., Horiuchi, Y., Tutiya, S., Ichikawa, A., & Den, Y. (1998) · Language and Speech · doi:10.1177/002383099804100404 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Gratch, J., Okhmatovskaia, A., Lamothe, F., Marsella, S., Morales, M., van der Werf, R. J., & Morency, L.-P. (2006) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/11821830_2 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Relationship between vocalizations and head nods as listener responses.
Dittmann, A. T., & Llewellyn, L. G. (1968) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025722 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
A probabilistic multimodal approach for predicting listener backchannels
Morency, L.-P., de Kok, I., & Gratch, J. (2010) · Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems · doi:10.1007/s10458-009-9092-y · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Brunner, L. J. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.37.5.728 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Huang, L., Morency, L., & Gratch, J. S. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_8 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Natural Behavior of a Listening Agent
Maatman, R. M., Gratch, J. S., & Marsella, S. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11550617_3 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The phonemic clause as a unit of speech decoding.
Dittmann, A. T., & Llewellyn, L. G. (1967) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024739 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Backchannel-inviting cues in task-oriented dialogue
Gravano, A., & Hirschberg, J. (2009) · Interspeech (USB) · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-301 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
A shallow model of backchannel continuers in spoken dialogue
Cathcart, N., Carletta, J., & Klein, E. (2003) · Proceedings of the tenth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - EACL '03 · doi:10.3115/1067807.1067816 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
van Welbergen, H., Reidsma, D., Ruttkay, Z., & Zwiers, J. (2009) · Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces · doi:10.1007/s12193-010-0051-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Multimodal Backchannels for Embodied Conversational Agents
Bevacqua, E., Pammi, S., Hyniewska, S., Schröder, M., & Pélachaud, C. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15892-6_21 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A rule-based backchannel prediction model using pitch and pause information
Truong, K. P., Poppe, R. W., & Heylen, D. (2010) · Interspeech (USB) · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2010-59 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationProsody-based detection of the context of backchannel responses
Noguchi, H., & Den, Y. (1998) · International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP) · doi:10.21437/icslp.1998-71 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Kitaoka, N., Takeuchi, M., Nishimura, R., & Nakagawa, S. (2005) · Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1527/tjsai.20.220 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Backchannel Strategies for Artificial Listeners
Poppe, R. W., Truong, K. P., Reidsma, D., & Heylen, D. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15892-6_16 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationBackchannels revisited from a multimodal perspective
Bertrand, R., Ferré, G., Blache, P., Espesser, R., & Rauzy, S. (2007) · HAL · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Backchannels: Quantity, Type and Timing Matters
Poppe, R. W., Truong, K. P., & Heylen, D. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_25 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationMultimodal feedback cues in human-machine interactions
Granström, B., House, D., & Swerts, M. G. J. (2002) · Speech prosody · doi:10.21437/speechprosody.2002-72 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A multimodal analysis of vocal and visual backchannels in spontaneous dialogs,
Truong, K. P., Poppe, R., Kok, I. D., & Heylen, D. (2011) · Interspeech 2011 · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2011-744 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning Backchannel Prediction Model from Parasocial Consensus Sampling: A Subjective Evaluation
Huang, L., Morency, L., & Gratch, J. S. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15892-6_17 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Fluid Semantic Back-Channel Feedback in Dialogue: Challenges and Progress
Jonsdottir, G. R., Gratch, J., Fast, E., & Thórisson, K. R. (2007) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74997-4_15 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Insertion of interjectory response based on prosodic information
Okato, Y., Kato, K., Kamamoto, M., & Itahashi, S. (2002) · IEEE Workshop on Interactive Voice Technology for Telecommunications Applications (IVTTA) · doi:10.1109/ivtta.1996.552766 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Learning and evaluating response prediction models using parallel listener consensus
de Kok, I., Özkan, D., Heylen, D., & Morency, L. (2010) · INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION · doi:10.1145/1891903.1891908 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationXudong, D. (2009) · Handbook of pragmatics highlights · doi:10.1075/hoph.4.07xud · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Iterative Perceptual Learning for Social Behavior Synthesis
de Kok, I. A., Poppe, R. W., & Heylen, D. (2012) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationOnline Behavior Evaluation with the Switching Wizard of Oz
Poppe, R. W., ter Maat, M., & Heylen, D. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33197-8_54 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Modeling Feedback in Interaction With Conversational Agents—A Review
Axelsson, A., Buschmeier, H., & Skantze, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2022.744574 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“This is important also for surface-focussed systems, since the production of certain forms of backchannels are likely to sound very “off,” given the preceding context, even if the timing might be appropriate ( Poppe et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialTiming and entrainment of multimodal backchanneling behavior for an embodied conversational agent
Inden, B., Malisz, Z., Wagner, P., & Wachsmuth, I. (2013) · Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction · doi:10.1145/2522848.2522890 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Jáuregui, D. A. G., Giraud, T., Isableu, B., & Martin, J. (2021) · Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds · doi:10.1002/cav.2029 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Liesenfeld, A., & Dingemanse, M. (2022) · Interspeech (USB) · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2022-11288 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dialogue System Characterisation by Back-channelling Patterns Extracted from Dialogue Corpus
Inoue, M., & Ueno, H. (2016) · Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) · doi:10.63317/2wf6wwrwpxzo · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Liesenfeld, A., & Dingemanse, M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/w8hpy · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kok, D. (2013) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036506489 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Controlling the Listener Response Rate of Virtual Agents
de Kok, I., & Heylen, D. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40415-3_15 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationExplorative Study on the Non-verbal Backchannel Prediction Model for Human-Robot Interaction
Seok, S., Jeon, T.-H., Chae, Y.-J., Kim, C., & Lim, Y. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8715-3_23 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
When Less is More: A Sparse Facial Motion Structure for Listening Motion Learning
Nguyen, T., Dam, Q. T., Tran, D. T., & Lee, J. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3569889 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Switching Wizard of Oz for the online evaluation of backchannel behavior
Poppe, R. W., ter Maat, M., & Heylen, D. (2013) · Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces · doi:10.1007/s12193-013-0131-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman–machine metacommunication towards development of a human-like agent: A short review
Ito, A. (2020) · Nippon Onkyo Gakkaishi/Acoustical science and technology/Nihon Onkyo Gakkaishi · doi:10.1250/ast.41.166 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Multimodal prediction of head nods in dyadic conversations
Türker, B. B., Sezgin, T. M., Yemez, Y., & Erzin, E. (2018) · Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) · doi:10.1109/siu.2018.8404737
- Authors
- Poppe, R., Truong, K. P., & Heylen, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Twente (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Poppe, Ronald
- Venue
- Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
- Published
- 2013-01-13
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 235-253
- ISSN
- 1387-2532 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7454
- OpenAlex
- W1987370716
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Speech and dialogue systems
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Keywords
- human-likeness, prosody, gaze features, speech turns, human-agent dialogue
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review