Validation of a new three-item self-report measure for medication adherence
Open accessAbstract
Few self-report measures of medication adherence have been rigorously developed and validated against electronic drug monitoring (EDM). Assess the validity of the 3-item self-report scale by comparing it with a contemporaneous EDM measure. We conducted an observational study in which adherence assessments were done monthly for up to 4 months for 81 patients with HIV who were taking antiretroviral medications. We report results for both HIV antiretroviral medications, and also for other, non-HIV-related medications. Raw and calibrated self-report adherence measures, electronic drug monitoring adherence measures, and sociodemographic variables. The mean age of patients was 46 years, 37 % were female, 49 % had some education beyond high school, 22 % were Black, and 22 % were Hispanic. Cronbach's alphas for the 3-item scale for HIV and non-HIV medications were 0.83 and 0.87, respectively. The mean differences (raw/uncalibrated self-report scale minus EDM) for HIV and non-HIV medications were 7.5 and 5.2 points on a 100-point scale (p < 0.05 for both). Pearson correlation coefficients between the calibrated 3-item scale and the EDM for HIV and non-HIV medications were 0.47 and 0.59, respectively. The c-statistics for the ROC curves for the calibrated scale, using cut-offs of 0.8 and 0.9 for the EDM gold standard measure to define non-adherence, were between 0.74 and 0.76 for HIV and non-HIV medications. This 3-item adherence self-report scale showed good psychometric characteristics and good construct validity when compared with an EDM standard, for both HIV and non-HIV medications. In clinical care it can be a useful first-stage screener for non-adherence. In clinical research and quality improvement settings it can be a useful tool when more complex and expensive methods such as EDM or pharmacy claims are impractical or unavailable.
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Previous research indicates that people living with HIV who smoke may have difficulty with ART uptake.
“previous research has shown that SLWH may have difficulties with ART uptake.65–67”
From Evaluation of an integrated treatment to address smoking cessation and anxiety/depressive symptoms among people living with HIV: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as [65]
The Methods (page unavailable) say participants were already receiving antiretroviral treatment, and the Results (page unavailable) describe medication monitoring. Searches for smoking, tobacco, and ART uptake found no passage addressing whether people living with HIV who smoke have difficulty starting ART. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Wilson, I. B., Lee, Y., Michaud, J., Fowler, F. J., & Rogers, W. H.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Tufts Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilson, Ira B.
- Venue
- AIDS and Behavior
- Published
- 2016-04-20
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2700-2708
- ISSN
- 1090-7165 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3254
- PMC
- PMC5071118
- OpenAlex
- W2340311148
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 17.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- AIDS and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (RO1 MH 092238, 2K24MH092242)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Keywords
- medication adherence, HIV antiretroviral therapy, psychometric validation, adherence screening
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, HIV Infections, Drug Monitoring, Anti-HIV Agents, Medication Adherence, Electronic Health Records, Self Report
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