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Public Stigma of Mental Illness in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review
Open accessAbstract
Public stigma is a pervasive barrier that prevents many individuals in the U.S. from engaging in mental health care. This systematic literature review aims to: (1) evaluate methods used to study the public's stigma toward mental disorders, (2) summarize stigma findings focused on the public's stigmatizing beliefs and actions and attitudes toward mental health treatment for children and adults with mental illness, and (3) draw recommendations for reducing stigma towards individuals with mental disorders and advance research in this area. Public stigma of mental illness in the U.S. was widespread. Findings can inform interventions to reduce the public's stigma of mental illness.
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“The aforesaid has great relevance in the global context, where research has shown the presence of high levels of discrimination, stigma, and prejudice toward those impacted by mental health problems, especially schizophrenia and bipolar disorder [6,7].”
From Innovative Technology–Based Interventions to Reduce Stigma Toward People With Mental Illness: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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Cites
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“…eleven examined the public’s stigmatizing beliefs of adults with mental illness (Anglin et al. 2006; Boyd et al. 2010; Corrigan and Watson 2007; Corrigan et al. 2009; Link et al. 1999; Martin et al. 2000; Pescosolido et al. 1999, 2010; Phelan et al. 2000; Whaley 1997; Wirth and Bodenhausen 2009).”
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“However, more studies are needed that examine reports of respondents’ past behaviors, especially as differences may exist between reports of past behavior and reports of one’s response to hypothetical situations (Link et al. 2004).”
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“…eleven examined the public’s stigmatizing beliefs of adults with mental illness (Anglin et al. 2006; Boyd et al. 2010; Corrigan and Watson 2007; Corrigan et al. 2009; Link et al. 1999; Martin et al. 2000; Pescosolido et al. 1999, 2010; Phelan et al. 2000; Whaley 1997; Wirth and Bodenhausen 2009).”
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“Fewer explored respondents’ stigmatizing actions which limit opportunities for people with mental illness, especially in relation to employment and housing (Corrigan and Shapiro 2010; Hogan 2003; Link et al. 1997).”
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“Keywords Public stigma; Mental illness; Systematic literature review Introduction Public stigma refers to a set of negative attitudes and beliefs that motivate individuals to fear, reject, avoid, and discriminate against people with mental illness (Corrigan and Penn 1999).”
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Cited by
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Goodyear, K., & Chavanne, D. (2019) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000552 · Cited by 27
The Stigma of Mental Illness and Recovery.
Avdibegović, E., & Hasanovic, M. I. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 27
Wong, E. C., Collins, R. L., McBain, R. K., Breslau, J. A., Burnam, M. A., Cefalu, M. S., & Röth, E. (2021) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201900630 · Cited by 27
Townsend, M., Pareja, K., Buchanan-Hughes, A., Worthington, E., Pritchett, D., Brubaker, M., Houle, C. R., Mose, T. N., & Waters, H. C. (2022) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 27
Fynbo, L., & Jensen, C. S. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.036 · Cited by 26
“Equally, in a review of 36 articles analyzing stigmatization of people with mental illnesses, Parcesepe and Cabassa (2013) show that this type of stigmatization depends on social setting.”
BackgroundMental Illness Public Stigma and Generational Differences Among Vietnamese Americans
Do, M., McCleary, J. S., Nguyen, D. J., & Winfrey, K. L. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00545-y · Cited by 26
Endorf, F. W., & Nygaard, R. M. (2021) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1093/jbcr/irab115 · Cited by 26
Exploring pupils’ perspectives on school climate
Forsberg, C., Chiriac, E. H., & Thornberg, R. (2021) · Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00131881.2021.1956988 · Cited by 46
“…process explanations that connect the micro level to the macro level, such as normative gender expressions of the ‘disorderly boy’ type (Lyng 2009; Zimmerman 2018) and stigma norms connected to diagnoses (Parcesepe and Cabassa 2013; Kaushik, Kostaki, and Kyriakopoulos 2016; Walker et al. 2008).”
BackgroundHo, R., Potash, J. S., Ho, A. H. Y., Ho, V. F. L., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2016) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2016.1236767 · Cited by 26
“Successful strategies to reduce stigma around the world include closing social distance by facilitating interactions between people living with mental illness and the general public (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2012).”
BackgroundLee, S. Y. (2018) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2018.1452093 · Cited by 26
“The existence of such a stigma and negative attitudes can hinder people from finding appropriate health treatment and care at the right time (Clement et al., 2015; Corrigan, Druss, & Perlick, 2014; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundOng, W. J., Shahwan, S., Goh, C. M. J., Tan, G. T. H., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590844 · Cited by 26
Sum, M. Y., Chan, S. K. W., Tsui, H. K. H., & Wong, G. H. Y. (2023) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13455 · Cited by 35
“Stigma towards mental illness has been identified as a major barrier of help-seeking for psychological issues in the general public and among young people (Boerema et al., 2016; Crowe et al., 2016; Gulliver et al., 2010; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013; Wynaden et al., 2014; Zartaloudi & Madianos, 2010).”
BackgroundMental health stigma: the role of dualism, uncertainty, causation and treatability
Latoo, J., Mistry, M., Alabdulla, M., Wadoo, O., Jan, F., Munshi, T. A., Iqbal, Y., & Haddad, P. M. (2021) · General Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/gpsych-2021-100498 · Cited by 25
Tremlin, R. C., & Beazley, P. I. (2022) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2022.2072842 · Cited by 37
Patel, R., Arisoyin, A. E., Okoronkwo, O. U., Aruoture, S., Okobi, O. E., Nwankwo, M., Okobi, E. K., Okobi, F., & Momodu, O. E. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.41627 · Cited by 25
“This reluctance may be influenced by stigma, limited access to mental health services, lack of awareness, and failure to recognize symptoms as indicators for seeking help [11,12-16].”
BackgroundThe benefit of contact for prejudice-prone individuals: The type of stigmatized outgroup matters
Maunder, R. D., Day, S., & White, F. A. (2019) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2019.1601608 · Cited by 25
“Although beliefs about people with schizophrenia primarily revolve around violence, people with schizophrenia are also viewed as incompetent and unable to make financial and treatmentrelated decisions (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundStereotypical Inferences: Philosophical Relevance and Psycholinguistic Toolkit
Fischer, E., & Engelhardt, P. E. (2017) · Ratio · doi:10.1111/rati.12174 · Cited by 26
“…in the present labels (‘-phobic’) could reasonably be taken to imply that people so labelled ar suffering from a mental disorder – a categorisation that is stigmatising (Angermeyer & Dietrich 2006, Parcesepe & Cabassa 2013), if to a different extent for different disorders (Crisp et al. 2000).”
BackgroundYouth mental health first aid: Initial outcomes of a statewide rollout in Ohio
Noltemeyer, A. L., Huang, H., Meehan, C., Jordan, E., Morio, K., Shaw, K., & Oberlin, K. (2019) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1080/15377903.2019.1619645 · Cited by 24
“These stigmatizing beliefs may lead to a desire for social distance from individuals with mental illness (e.g., not wanting to work closely with someone; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundPublic stigma towards prolonged grief disorder: Does diagnostic labeling matter?
Gonschor, J., Eisma, M. C., Barke, A., & Doering, B. K. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237021 · Cited by 25
“A meta-analysis of Parcesepe and Cabassa [26] across different mental health conditions reported no influence of gender of the person suffering from a mental illness on public stigma.”
BackgroundClergy Perceptions of Mental Illness and Confronting Stigma in Congregations
Campbell, A. D. (2021) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel12121110 · Cited by 39
Rockett, I. R. H., Jia, H., Ali, B., Banerjee, A., Connery, H. S., Nolte, K. B., Miller, T. R., White, F. M. M., DiGregorio, B. D., Larkin, G. L., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46591 · Cited by 24
Askari, M. S., Mauro, P. M., Kaur, N., & Keyes, K. M. (2022) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-022-01044-3 · Cited by 24
The use of digital escape rooms in nursing education
Rodríguez-Ferrer, J. M., León, A. M., Fernández-Jiménez, C., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Cangas, A. J., & de la Rosa, A. L. (2022) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03879-6 · Cited by 26
“The results of these studies link general attributes such as aggressiveness, incompetence, poor self-control, or irresponsibility to the mental disorder, which generates attitudes of fear, rejection, or avoidance towards people who manifest this type of illness [7, 8].”
BackgroundJauch, M., Occhipinti, S., & O’Donovan, A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280739 · Cited by 24
Guajardo, M. G. U., Slewa‐Younan, S., Santalucia, Y., & Jorm, A. F. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0087-1 · Cited by 24
“In line with this evidence, stigma associated with mental health problems seems to be a rule in many countries and across different groups [41–43].”
BackgroundBehavioral Genetics in Criminal and Civil Courts
Sabatello, M., & Appelbaum, P. S. (2017) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000141 · Cited by 28
Mental Health Stigma and Its Effects on Treatment-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review
Cerully, J., Acosta, J., & Sloan, J. (2018) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usx219 · Cited by 25
Gavan, L., Hartog, K., Koppenol‐Gonzalez, G. V., Gronholm, P. C., Feddes, A. R., Kohrt, B. A., Jordans, M. J. D., & Peters, R. M. H. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115121 · Cited by 24
“Past studies suggest that stigmatizing experiences, beliefs, and actions can indeed be different for children and adolescents compared to adults (Deacon and Stephney, 2007; Parcesepe and Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundGreen, J. G., Levine, R. S., Oblath, R., Corriveau, K. H., Holt, M. K., & Albright, G. L. (2020) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2020.1727793 · Cited by 26
“…Boston University, 2 Silber Way, Boston, MA 02215 © 2020 Society of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology mental disorders, such a social distancing (i.e., the tendency to avoid proximity to those with mental disorders), is widespread among the general population (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-Stigma Among People With Mental Health Problems in Terms of Warmth and Competence
Gärtner, L., Asbrock, F., Euteneuer, F., Rief, W., & Salzmann, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.877491 · Cited by 29
“So, it seemed deducible to transfer these findings on public stigma to self-stigma, because both share fundamental contents: Since, within both concepts, stereotypes relate to incompetence or dangerousness in terms of poor warmth (Parcesepe and Cabassa, 2013), prejudice to fear, anger, or pity (Corrigan et al.”
BackgroundCaplan, S., & Cordero, C. (2015) · International Quarterly of Community Health Education · doi:10.1177/0272684x15581347 · Cited by 22
Lachaud, J., Mejía-Lancheros, C., Wang, R., Wiens, K., Nisenbaum, R. A., Stergiopoulos, V., Hwang, S. W., & O'Campo, P. J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232001 · Cited by 23
The Development of an Empirical Model of Mental Health Stigma in Adolescents
Silke, C., Swords, L., & Heary, C. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.033 · Cited by 23
Chang, C.-C., Su, J., Chang, K., Lin, C., Koschorke, M., Rüsch, N., & Thornicroft, G. (2017) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278717745658 · Cited by 23
Evans, L. N., Chang, A. R., Dehon, J., Streb, M., Bruce, M. J., Clark, E. M., & Handal, P. J. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04329-2 · Cited by 25
“Common stigmatizing views include the ideas that people with mental illnesses are dangerous, incompetent, prone to violence, and have mental illnesses because they did something wrong and being “punished” (Corrigan & Watson, 2002; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundHealth Literacy and Perceptions of Stigma
Mackert, M., Mabry‐Flynn, A., Donovan, E. E., Champlin, S., & Pounders, K. R. (2019) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2019.1678705 · Cited by 22
“…plays a prominent role in many health diagnoses and conditions including HIV/AIDS (Mahajan et al., 2008; Waite, Paasche-Orlow, Rintamaki, Davis, & Wolf, 2008), mental health (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013), and obesity (Phelan et al., 2015; Puhl & Heuer, 2010) and can exacerbate negative outcomes.”
BackgroundCommunity, Public Policy, and Recovery from Mental Illness: Emerging Research and Initiatives
Castillo, E. G., Chung, B., Bromley, E., Kataoka, S., Braslow, J. T., Essock, S. M., Young, A. S., Greenberg, J. M., Miranda, J. M., Dixon, L. B., et al. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000178 · Cited by 22
Brown, S. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00503-8 · Cited by 20
Purtle, J., Lê‐Scherban, F., Shattuck, P. T., Proctor, E. K., & Brownson, R. C. (2017) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0613-9 · Cited by 21
Public Stigma of Prolonged Grief Disorder
Dennis, H., Eisma, M. C., & Breen, L. J. (2021) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001427 · Cited by 21
“Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer H different based on negative attitudes and beliefs (Parcesepe and Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialUnderstanding the Unseen: Invisible Disabilities in the Workplace
Abney, A., Denison, V. L., Tanguay, C., & Ganz, M. (2022) · The American Archivist · doi:10.17723/2327-9702-85.1.88 · Cited by 21
Pyszkowska, A., & Stojek, M. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710854 · Cited by 24
“Research depicts self-stigma as a depressive attributional style resulting in thoughts concentrated on being ashamed of stigma, feelings of self-worthlessness, inferiority and weakness [26,27], similar to Defectiveness/Shame schema, resulting in tendencies towards dissociation [28,29] (Emotional Inhibition schema), fe…”
MethodChan, K. K. S., & Tsui, J. K. C. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115099 · Cited by 22
Portrayal of generalized anxiety disorder in YouTube™ videos
MacLean, S. A., Basch, C. H., Reeves, R., & Basch, C. E. (2017) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764017728967 · Cited by 21
“Public stigma against mental illness is well documented and can prevent individuals from seeking treatment for these disorders (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundThe relationship between stigma sentiments and self-identity of individuals with schizophrenia.
Aakre, J. M., Klingaman, E. A., & Docherty, N. M. (2015) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000119 · Cited by 21
“Other research on the ubiquity of mental illness stigma in the US supports this interpretation (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013), making it unlikely that these attitudes developed only after receiving a diagnosis.”
Ruybal, A. L., & Siegel, J. T. (2018) · Stigma and Health · doi:10.1037/sah0000146 · Cited by 21
Chang, C., Wang, T.-J. T., Chen, M., Liang, S., Wu, S. V., & Bai, M. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12677 · Cited by 23
Perceptions around medications for opioid use disorder among a diverse sample of U.S. adults
Jaffe, K., Slat, S., Chen, L., Macleod, C., Bohnert, A. S. B., & Lagisetty, P. (2024) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2024.209361 · Cited by 20
Green, B., Jones, K., Lyerla, R., Dyar, W., & Skidmore, M. L. (2020) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2020.1713998 · Cited by 20
“…a diagnosis of mental health disorder on subsequent treatment enrollment and attitudes about treatment is a key area of current and future study (Martin, Pescosolido, Olafsdottir, & McLeod, 2007; Mukolo, Heflinger, & Wallston, 2010; Mendenhall & Frauenholtz, 2015; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundComparing and Predicting Public Attitudes Toward Stuttering, Obesity, and Mental Illness
Louis, K. O. S. (2020) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00038 · Cited by 20
Amsalem, D., Jankowski, S. E., Pagdon, S., Valeri, L., Yang, L. H., Markowitz, J. C., Neria, Y., Pescosolido, B. A., Dixon, L. B., & Martin, A. (2022) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20220168 · Cited by 22
Hepperlen, R., Biggs, J., Mwandileya, W. S., Rabaey, P. A., Ngulube, E., & Hearst, M. O. (2021) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12894 · Cited by 21
Entertain Me Well: An Entertaining, Tailorable, Online Platform Delivering CBT for Depression
Weaver, A., Zhang, A., Xiang, X., Felsman, P., Fischer, D., & Himle, J. A. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.09.003 · Cited by 17
“…showing personal weakness, beliefs that one should be able to cope with mental health challenges on their own, and concerns that mental health diagnosis will result in labeling and loss of opportunity (Corrigan, 2004; Corrigan et al., 2014; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013; Pescosolido et al., 2013).”
BackgroundPostpartum Depression Among Working Women: A Call for Practice and Policy Change
Selix, N. W., & Goyal, D. (2015) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.07.003 · Cited by 18
Gebhardt, J. A. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0039806 · Cited by 22
Pham, A. V., Goforth, A. N., Chun, H., Castro-Olivo, S. M., & Costa, A. (2017) · Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation · doi:10.1080/10474412.2017.1287574 · Cited by 18
“…related to child mental health problems Although consultants and consultees may be able to identify the problem, consultees many not necessarily seek out or follow through with intervention due to stigma associated with mental health problems (Hinshaw & Stier, 2008; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundNeuroscience and mental state issues in forensic assessment
Freedman, D., & Zaami, S. (2019) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.03.006 · Cited by 21
The Impact of Contact and Fame on Changing the Public Stigma of Mental Illness
Corrigan, P. W., Kundert, C. D., & Laique, A. (2021) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-021-00870-1 · Cited by 18
Werner, P., Jabel, H. A., Reuveni, Y., & Prilutzki, D. (2017) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2017.1376461 · Cited by 17
“However, the vast majority of the studies assessing public stigma in the area of mental illness did not include adolescents among the populations assessed (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundPENGARUH PSIKOEDUKASI TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG STIGMA GANGGUAN JIWA
Alfianto, A. G., Apriyanto, F., & Diana, M. (2019) · JI-KES (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan) · doi:10.33006/ji-kes.v2i2.117 · Cited by 17
Tyokighir, D., Hervey, A. M., Schunn, C., Clifford, D. R., & Ahlers-Schmidt, C. (2022) · Kansas Journal of Medicine · doi:10.17161/kjm.vol15.15853 · Cited by 17
Evaluation of a digital media campaign for reducing mental health stigma
Alvarado-Torres, R., Silesky, M. D., Helgenberger, S., Anderson, A., Granillo, C., Nared, T., & Bonnevie, E. (2023) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/00178969231215761 · Cited by 19
“Stigma can also contribute to social exclusion and may affect an individual’s socioeconomic status, employment, housing and educational opportunities (Brouwers, 2020; Parcesepe and Cabassa, 2013; Rössler, 2016).”
BackgroundDeveloping Cooperative Communities to Reduce Stigma about Mental Disorders
Gee, A., & McGarty, C. (2012) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2012.01296.x · Cited by 17
Disclosure of HIV Status to Health Care Providers in the Netherlands: A Qualitative Study
Stutterheim, S. E., Sicking, L., Baas, I., Brands, R., Roberts, H., van Brakel, W. H., Lechner, L., Kok, G., & Bos, A. E. R. (2016) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/j.jana.2016.02.014 · Cited by 17
“Most of the literature on HIV disclosure has focused on voluntary disclosure or concealment, more generally or in the context of partners, family, or friends (Obermeyer et al., 2011; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013; Smith et al., 2008).”
BackgroundChung, K., Tse, S. S.-K., Lee, C., Wong, M. M. C., & Chan, W.-M. (2018) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764018815926 · Cited by 18
Mental Illness Stigma and Associated Factors among Arabic-Speaking Religious and Community Leaders
Krstanoska-Blazeska, K., Thomson, R. J., & Slewa‐Younan, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157991 · Cited by 24
“Older age has been associated with more stigmatising attitudes toward mental illness [50,52] and an increased desire for social distance [53].”
BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccine acceptance and perceived stigma in patients with depression: a network perspective
Cai, H. X., Bai, W., Du, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Liu, H., Tang, Y., Jackson, T., Cheung, T. C. C., et al. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02170-y · Cited by 17
“For example, one review of the literature on public stigma indicated patients with mental illnesses are often viewed as lazy or less competent in making personal decisions related to treatment and finances [72].”
BackgroundUnderstanding Lay Assessments of Alcohol Use Disorder: Need for Treatment and Associated Stigma
Weine, E. R., Kim, N. S., & Lincoln, A. K. (2015) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agv069 · Cited by 17
Patients with stroke and psychiatric comorbidities have lower carotid revascularization rates
Bongiorno, D. M., Daumit, G. L., Gottesman, R. F., & Faigle, R. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000007565 · Cited by 17
Helpful or harmful? The effect of a diagnostic label and its later retraction on person impressions
Mickelberg, A. J., Walker, B., Ecker, U. K. H., & Fay, N. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104420 · Cited by 16
Mental illness disclosure in organizations: defining and predicting (un)supportive responses
Barth, S. E., & Wessel, J. L. (2021) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-021-09753-4 · Cited by 20
Wehbe, R. R., Whaley, C., Eskandari, Y., Suarez, A., Nacke, L. E., Hammer, J., & Lank, E. (2021) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/21376 · Cited by 16
“Treatment for individuals is available; however, an individual may hesitate to seek treatment because of the stigma or the untrue, falsely held beliefs regarding MH [6,7].”
BackgroundMoreno, H., Hugo Sánchez, R., Huerta, M., Cea, X., Márquez, C., & Cecilia Albala, B. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12071063 · Cited by 16
“There is a social stigma about mental health problems in general [39,40] in the primary care context [41] and in older adults with depression [42], which is a barrier for mental health treatment seeking among older adults [43].”
BackgroundAmsalem, D., Valeri, L., Jankowski, S. E., Yang, L. H., Bello, I., Nossel, I. R., Malinovsky, I., Smith, S. M., Ngo, H., Lieff, S. A., et al. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.03.011 · Cited by 17
Hegarty, E., Weight, E. A., & Register‐Mihalik, J. K. (2018) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000339 · Cited by 16
“Thus, it is important to work with both athletes and coaches to reduce the discomfort and stigma surrounding mental illness that is prevalent in our society.(57)”
BackgroundOostermeijer, S., Morgan, A. J., Ross, A., Grimmond, T., & Reavley, N. J. (2022) · Legal and Criminological Psychology · doi:10.1111/lcrp.12227 · Cited by 18
Understanding stigma in hoarding disorder: A systematic review
Prosser, R., Salkovskis, P. M., & Dennis, J. (2024) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2024.100872 · Cited by 15
Zeng, Y., Pan, T., & Sun, M. (2024) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2024.2376802 · Cited by 15
“The increasingly important role of media such as the Internet and video in people’s lives also makes it possible to use the media to reduce stigma, and it may serve as a tool for conveying anti-stigma messages and promoting help-seeking behaviors [70,71].”
BackgroundAltwaijri, Y. A., Al-Saud, N. K., Bilal, L., AlAteeq, D. A., Aradati, M., Naseem, M. T., Al‐Subaie, A., & Alhabeeb, A. A. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20069-9 · Cited by 19
“Finally, there could be potential underreporting by study participants about mental disorders, given the perception of public stigma and embarrassment related to mental disorders [56].”
BackgroundMental Health Stigma Reduction Interventions Among Men: A Systematic Review
Sweeney, J., O’Donnell, S., Roche, E., White, P. J., Carroll, P., & Richardson, N. (2024) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883241299353 · Cited by 16
Guruge, S., Wang, A. Z. Y., Jayasuriya-Illesinghe, V., & Sidani, S. (2016) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2016.1191655 · Cited by 14
“Overall, there is very limited evidence about anti-stigma interventions that are appropriate and effective among the diverse communities in the Canadian context, a finding similar to the United States (Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013) and the global context (Thornicroft et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Impact of Mental Health Reform on Mental Illness Stigmas in Israel
Natan, M. B., Drori, T., & Hochman, O. (2017) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2017.09.001 · Cited by 15
“Stigma relating to mental illness is widespread worldwide (Angermeyer, Matschinger, & Schomerus, 2013; Clement et al., 2013; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013; Semrau, Evans-Lacko, Koschorke, Ashenafi, & Thornicroft, 2015) as well as in Israel (Ben Natan, Drori, & Hochman, 2015).”
BackgroundResultCaplan, S. (2016) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-016-0005-7 · Cited by 15
“treatment have improved (Parcesepe and Cabassa 2013); however, some stereotypes and perceptions of dangerousness of the individual have increased in spite of increased public awareness about mental illness (Jorm et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialComparing Social Stigma of Dissociative Identity Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Depressive Disorders
Reisinger, B. A. A., & Gleaves, D. H. (2023) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2022.2119459 · Cited by 14
Requesting mental illness workplace accommodations: the roles of perceived need and stigma
Follmer, K. B., Miller, M. J., & Beatty, J. E. (2024) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-06-2023-0195 · Cited by 16
Stigma and the Reluctance to Address Mental Health Issues in Minority Communities
Kreps, G. L. (2017) · Journal of Family Strengths · doi:10.58464/2168-670x.1340 · Cited by 17
“…help to establish and reinforce prejudice against those with mental health problems, portraying these sufferers as violent, dangerous, and out of control (Klin & Lemish, 2008; Neely, 2015; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013; Sirey, Franklin, McKenzie, Ghosh, & Raue, 2014; Stout, Villegas, & Jennings, 2004).”
BackgroundReagan, L., Kitt-Lewis, E. A., Loeb, S. J., Shelton, D., & Zucker, D. M. (2024) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.22405 · Cited by 14
Boness, C. L., Hebden, H. M., Lardier, D. T., Spurgeon, L., Timmons, A., Simms, L. J., Venner, K. L., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2025) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026241304339 · Cited by 14
“In line with Key et al., we encourage a focus on equity indicators (e.g., mutual benefit, power sharing, responsibility) and a consideration of contextual factors (e.g., history, trust, relationship building, transparency) in measure development to ensure that measurement tools and practices are maximally useful for a…”
Reconsidering Internet Gaming Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Blake, E., & Sauermilch, D. (2021) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-020-00184-1 · Cited by 14
Nagendra, A., Weiss, D. M., Merritt, C., Cather, C., Sosoo, E. E., Mueser, K. T., & Penn, D. L. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02297-9 · Cited by 14
Hearing Voices Simulation: Impact on Occupational Therapy Students
Ozelie, R., Panfil, P., Swiderski, N. M. S., & Walz, E. T. (2018) · The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.15453/2168-6408.1452 · Cited by 14
“An increase in empathy is extremely important in a society where many people still hold negative feelings of stigma toward people with a mental illness (Angermeyer & Matschinger, 2003; Mann & Himelein, 2004; Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundMeasuring Recurring Stigma in the Lives of Individuals with Mental Illness
Ezell, J. M., Choi, C.-W. J., Wall, M. M., & Link, B. G. (2017) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-017-0156-1 · Cited by 14
“2003; Gary 2005; Parcesepe and Cabassa 2013).”
InfluentialSchizophrenia spectrum stigma in healthcare: a systematic review
Kruse, E. A., & Dodell‐Feder, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1648957 · Cited by 21
Berry, K., Sheardown, J., Pabbineedi, U., Haddock, G., Cross, C., & BROWN, L. J. E. (2019) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465819000596 · Cited by 13
“Stigma concerns have been conceptualized as a significant contributing factor for the under-utilization of mental health services for all age groups (Parcesepe and Cabassa, 2012), including people with SMI (Berry and Haddock, 2008; Ince et al., 2015), but the negative impact of this stigma has been…”
BackgroundDose-Response Effect of Mental Health Diagnoses on Concussion Recovery in Children and Adolescents
Master, C. L., Corwin, D. J., Fedonni, D., Ampah, S. B., Housel, K. C., McDonald, C. C., Arbogast, K. B., & Grady, M. F. (2024) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381241228870 · Cited by 13
“In our cohort, women (23.5, IQR [14, 38] vs 20, IQR [12, 28]; P < 0.01), older adolescents (22, IQR [13, 33] vs 20, IQR (11, 27] in 5-8 year olds; P < 0.05), and nonsport-related MOI (24, IQR [13, 40] vs 21, IQR [13, 28]; P < 0.01) returned to symptom-limited exercise later.”
BackgroundInfluentialLee, Y. J., Christ, R., Mbabazi, R., Dabagia, J., Prendergast, A., Wykoff, J. A., Dasari, S., Safai, D., Nakaweesi, S., Aturinde, S. R., et al. (2024) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000069 · Cited by 14
An, Z., & McDermott, V. M. (2014) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2014.924338 · Cited by 13
“Research consistently shows that the public has a stigmatized attitude toward people with mental illness (see Parcesepe & Cabassa, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluence of Provider Gender on Mental Health Stigma
Kaitz, J. E., Steinhilber, K. M., & Harris, J. I. (2021) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-021-00849-y · Cited by 13
Ruybal, A. L., & Siegel, J. T. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104197 · Cited by 13
Nursing Students’ Perception of the Stigma of Mental Illness
Bekhet, A. K., Murrock, C. J., Mu, Q., & Singh-Gill, H. (2017) · SM Journal of Nursing · doi:10.36876/smjn.1013 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Parcesepe, A. M., & Cabassa, L. J.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parcesepe, Angela M.
- Venue
- Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research
- Published
- 2012-07-26
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 384-399
- ISSN
- 0894-587X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3289
- PMC
- PMC3835659
- OpenAlex
- W2056883717
- Cited by
- 554
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01 MH09118, K01MH091118, R25MH080916)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L60 MD001850)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- public stigma, mental illness, stigma reduction, mental health service utilization, child psychopathology, adults with mental illness, United States
- MeSH terms
- Attitude to Health, Mental Disorders, Humans, Mental Health Services, Prejudice, United States, Social Stigma
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