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Using sensitive personal data may be necessary for avoiding discrimination in data-driven decision models
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“Many of the methods to tackle discrimination in AI systems implicitly assume that organisations hold these sensitive data”
From Discrimination, artificial intelligence, and algorithmic decision-making (2025) · cites this paper as Žliobaitė and Custers 2016
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Žliobaitė, I., & Custers, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Žliobaitė, Indrė
- Venue
- Artificial Intelligence and Law
- Published
- 2016-05-07
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 183-201
- ISSN
- 0924-8463 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-8382
- OpenAlex
- W2392403817
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 23.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- papers.ssrn.com
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Artificial Intelligence and Law (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
- Keywords
- algorithmic discrimination, sensitive personal data, data-driven decision making, algorithmic fairness, prediction model, race, data privacy regulation, data minimization, data bias, data mining, personal data protection law
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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