High rates of sexual behavior in the general population: Correlates and predictors
Abstract
We studied 2450, 18-60-year-old men and women from a 1996 national survey of sexuality and health in Sweden to identify risk factors and correlates of elevated rates of sexual behavior (hypersexuality) in a representative, non-clinical population. Interviews and questionnaires measured various sexual behaviors, developmental risk factors, behavioral problems, and health indicators. The results suggested that correlates of high rates of intercourse were mostly positive, whereas the correlates of high rates of masturbation and impersonal sex were typically undesirable. For both men and women, high rates of impersonal sex were related to separation from parents during childhood, relationship instability, sexually transmitted disease, tobacco smoking, substance abuse, and dissatisfaction with life in general. The association between hypersexuality and paraphilic sexual interests (exhibitionism, voyeurism, masochism/sadism) was particularly and equally strong for both genders (odds ratios of 4.6-25.6). The results held, with a few exceptions, when controlling for age, being in a stable relationship, living in a major city, and same-sex sexual orientation. We conclude that elevated rates of impersonal sex are associated with a range of negative health indicators in the general population.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There are pointers to a correlation between severity of childhood abuse (particularly sexual abuse) and the number of addictive activities (including problematic sexuality) when adult.
“There are pointers to a correlation between severity of childhood abuse (particularly sexual abuse) and the number of addictive activities (including problematic sexuality) when adult (Carnes and Delmonico, 1996;Cf. Långström and Hanson, 2006).”
From A motivation model of sex addiction – Relevance to the controversy over the concept (2022) · cites this paper as Långström and Hanson, 2006
Cites
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127 · see citing works
Sexual behaviour in Britain: Partnerships, practices, and HIV risk behaviours.
Johnson, A. M., Mercer, C. H., Erens, B., Copas, A. J., McManus, S., Wellings, K., Fenton, K. A., Korovessis, C., Macdowall, W., Nanchahal, K., et al. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06883-0 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Characteristics of 36 subjects reporting compulsive sexual behavior
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.2.243 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Dunne, M., Martin, N., Bailey, J., Heath, A., Bucholz, K., Madden, P., & Statham, D. (1997) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/26.4.844 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V
Kafka, M. P. (2010) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
An integrative theoretical framework for understanding sexual motivation, arousal, and behavior
Toates, F. (2009) · Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490902747768 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Epidemiology, Prevalence, and Natural History of Compulsive Sexual Behavior
Kuzma, J. M., & Black, D. W. (2008) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2008.06.005 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment of Hypersexuality
Kaplan, M. S., & Krueger, R. B. (2010) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224491003592863 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Briggs, P., Simon, W. T., & Simonsen, S. (2011) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063210384275 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Brody, S., & Costa, R. M. (2009) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01303.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Hypersexuality: A Critical Review and Introduction to the “Sexhavior Cycle”
Walton, M. T., Cantor, J. M., Bhullar, N., & Lykins, A. D. (2017) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-017-0991-8 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Santtila, P., Wager, I., Witting, K., Harlaar, N., Jern, P., Johansson, A., Varjonen, M., & Sandnabba, N. K. (2007) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926230701620548 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Skegg, K., Nada-Raja, S., Dickson, N., & Paul, C. (2010) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9504-8 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-Reported Indicators of Hypersexuality and Its Correlates in a Female Online Sample
Klein, V., Rettenberger, M., & Briken, P. (2014) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12602 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Conceptualization and Assessment of Hypersexual Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Montgomery-Graham, S. (2017) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2016.11.001 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Evaluation and treatment of sex addiction
Rosenberg, K. P., Carnes, P., & O'Connor, S. (2014) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2012.701268 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Rettenberger, M., Klein, V., & Briken, P. (2016) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0399-7 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Child sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behavior: a systematic literature review
Slavin, M. N., Scoglio, A. A. J., Blycker, G. R., Potenza, M. N., & Kraus, S. W. (2020) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-020-00298-9 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Klein, V., Schmidt, A. F., Turner, D., & Briken, P. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129730 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
An integrated model to assess and treat compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
Briken, P. (2020) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/s41585-020-0343-7 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Turner, D., Briken, P., Grubbs, J., Malandain, L., Mestre-Bach, G., Potenza, M. N., & Thibaut, F. (2022) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/19585969.2022.2134739 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Briken, P., Wiessner, C., Štulhofer, A., Klein, V., Fuß, J., Reed, G. M., & Dekker, A. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00060 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Fuss, J., Briken, P., Stein, D. J., & Lochner, C. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.23 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Hypersexuality and Recidivism among Sexual Offenders
Kingston, D. A., & Bradford, J. M. (2013) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/10720162.2013.768131 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Is compulsive sexual behavior different in women compared to men?
Kürbitz, L. I., & Briken, P. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10153205 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Castro-Calvo, J., Gil-Llario, M. D., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Juliá, B., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00025 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Gender-related differences in associations between sexual abuse and hypersexuality
Slavin, M. N., Blycker, G. R., Potenza, M. N., Bőthe, B., Demetrovics, Z., & Kraus, S. W. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.07.008 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Abstinence from masturbation and hypersexuality
Zimmer, F., & Imhoff, R. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01623-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Online dating is associated with sex addiction and social anxiety
Zlot, Y., Goldstein, M., Cohen, K., & Weinstein, A. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.66 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., Piwowar, M., Jokinen, J., & Öberg, K. G. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.07.018 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A motivation model of sex addiction – Relevance to the controversy over the concept
Toates, F. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104872 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“There are pointers to a correlation between severity of childhood abuse (particularly sexual abuse) and the number of addictive activities (including problematic sexuality) when adult (Carnes and Delmonico, 1996; Cf. Långstr ¨ om and Hanson, 2006).”
BackgroundSexuelle Sucht?: Wenn sexuelles Verhalten außer Kontrolle gerät
Briken, P., & Basdekis-Jozsa, R. (2010) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-010-1033-z · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Normal Testosterone but Higher Luteinizing Hormone Plasma Levels in Men With Hypersexual Disorder
Chatzittofis, A., Boström, A. E., Öberg, K. G., Flanagan, J. N., Schiöth, H. B., Arver, S., & Jokinen, J. (2020) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2020.02.005 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hypersexual disorder and recidivism risk in individuals convicted of sexual offenses
Gregório Hertz, P., Rettenberger, M., Turner, D., Briken, P., & Eher, R. (2022) · The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology · doi:10.1080/14789949.2022.2053183 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sexual aggressors against women’s sexual lives: a latent class analysis
Langevin, S., Proulx, J., & Lacourse, E. (2018) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x17694374 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Långström, N., & Hanson, R. K.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Public Safety Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Långström, Niklas
- Venue
- Archives of Sexual Behavior
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-52
- ISSN
- 0004-0002 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2800
- OpenAlex
- W2020963122
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 12.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Sexual Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Sex work and related issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- hypersexuality, sexual behavior, impersonal sex, masturbation, sexual frequency, paraphilic interests, exhibitionism, voyeurism, masochism, sadism, relationship instability, sexually transmitted infections, smoking, substance abuse, life dissatisfaction, health risk factors, general population
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Attitude to Health, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Paraphilic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Sweden
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review