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Sex hormones and skeletal muscle weakness
Open accessAbstract
Human ageing is accompanied with deterioration in endocrine functions the most notable and well characterized of which being the decrease in the production of sex hormones. Current research literature suggests that low sex hormone concentration may be among the key mechanism for sarcopenia and muscle weakness. Within the European large scale MYOAGE project, the role of sex hormones, estrogens and testosterone, in causing the aging-related loss of muscle mass and function was further investigated. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women is shown to diminish age-associated muscle loss, loss in fast muscle function (power), and accumulation of fat in skeletal muscle. Further HRT raises the protein synthesis rate in skeletal muscle after resistance training, and has an anabolic effect upon connective tissue in both skeletal muscle and tendon, which influences matrix structure and mechanical properties. HRT influences gene expression in e.g. cytoskeletal and cell-matrix proteins, has a stimulating effect upon IGF-I, and a role in IL-6 and adipokine regulation. Despite low circulating steroid-hormone level, postmenopausal women have a high local concentration of steroidogenic enzymes in skeletal muscle.
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“Hence, the muscle mass and strength weaken with the reduced testosterone and estrogen concentrations (50).”
From Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments (2020) · cites this paper as [50]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sipilä, S., Narici, M., Kjaer, M., Pöllänen, E., Atkinson, R. A., Hansen, M., & Kovanen, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Sipilä, Sarianna
- Venue
- Biogerontology
- Published
- 2013-05-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 231-245
- ISSN
- 1389-5729 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6768
- OpenAlex
- W2168506543
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- zenodo.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Biogerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Medical Research Council (MR/K00414X/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sex hormones, skeletal muscle weakness, sarcopenia, aging, hormone replacement therapy, estrogen, testosterone, postmenopausal women, muscle mass loss, resistance training, insulin-like growth factor I, adipokines, interleukin-6, tendons, connective tissue, steroidogenic enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Male, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Testosterone, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Weakness, Hormone Replacement Therapy
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