Areas of residential development in the southern Appalachian Mountains are characterized by low riparian zone nitrogen cycling and no increase in soil greenhouse gas emissions
Abstract
The critical role streamside riparian zones play in mitigating the movement of nitrogen (N) and other elements from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems could be threatened by residential development in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Many studies have investigated the influence of agriculture on N loading to streams but less is known about the impacts of residential development. Here we consider the dynamics of changing riparian land use in the southern Appalachians that includes increased residential development at the expense of both forests and agriculture. We hypothesized that increased inputs of inorganic N from residential development will increase nitrogen cycling rates relative to forests, thereby preventing terrestrial N retention and increasing soil nitrate losses through leaching. In addition, we hypothesized that such development will increase emissions of N₂O, CO₂, and CH₄, all potent greenhouse gases. We found riparian soil potential N cycling rates as well as N₂O and CO₂ efflux to be much greater with agricultural land use compared to either forested or residential land use. Our data suggest that residential development of forested riparian ecosystems does not increase N cycling or removal and, thus, might allow for greater potential N leaching into streams. Both agricultural and residential land use exhibited CH₄ efflux while forested ecosystems were responsible for CH₄ uptake. Overall, regional greenhouse gas emissions are projected to decline as high N₂O and CO₂ emitting agricultural land is converted to residential use.
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More forests mean more wildlife habitats, low-cost recreational lands, and cleaner water and air because trees deliver pollutant filtration.
“In addition, more forests mean more wildlife habitats and low-cost recreational lands, as well as cleaner water and air because trees deliver powerful pollutant filtration ecosystems (48, 53, 54).”
From A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential (2021) · cites this paper as [54]
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A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential
Brown, M. A., Dwivedi, P., Mani, S., Matisoff, D., Mohan, J. E., Mullen, J., Oxman, M., Rodgers, M., Simmons, R., Beasley, B., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2100008118 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“In addition, more forests mean more wildlife habitats and low-cost recreational lands, as well as cleaner water and air because trees deliver powerful pollutant filtration ecosystems (48, 53, 54).”
Self-citationFranklin, H. M., Chen, C., Carroll, A. R., Saeck, E. A., Fisher, P. L., & Burford, M. A. (2020) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-020-04721-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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“Numerous investigations have shown that riparian zones are active sites of nitrogen transport and biogeochemical transformations (Baas et al. 2017; Dwivedi et al. 2018; Pinay et al. 2018; Pinay and Haycock 2019).”
BackgroundXue, R., Zhang, K., Liu, X., Jiang, B., Luo, H., Li, M., Mo, Y., Liu, C., Li, L., Fan, L., et al. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117823 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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“In terms of CO2 dynamics, CO2 generally dominated total CO2eq at the R site, except for two wet spring periods when CH4 dominated positive GHG emissions, which is consistent with data reported in other studies (Gleason et al. 2009; Gomez et al. 2016; Baas et al. 2017).”
BackgroundResultBaas, P., Knoepp, J. D., & Mohan, J. E. (2019) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f10121155 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“Floodplains and riparian forests can be hotspots for these processes due to high productivity and can have a profound effect on watershed scale soil nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas emissions (Baas et al. 2017; Knoepp et al. 2018), and regional stream water quality (Webster et al. 2012).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Baas, P., Knoepp, J. D., Markewitz, D., & Mohan, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- US Forest Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baas, Peter
- Venue
- Biogeochemistry
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-125
- ISSN
- 0168-2563 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-515X
- OpenAlex
- W2592108349
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biogeochemistry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Directorate for Biological Sciences (DEB-0823293)
- U.S. Forest Service
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Keywords
- housing development, riparian zones, nitrogen cycling, soil greenhouse gas emissions, methane efflux, carbon dioxide efflux, nitrogen leaching, agricultural land use, forest land use, land use change, Southern Appalachians
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