Assessing measures of animal welfare
Open accessAbstract
Abstract There are many decision contexts in which we require accurate information on animal welfare, in ethics, management, and policy. Unfortunately, many of the methods currently used for estimating animal welfare in these contexts are subjective and unreliable, and thus unlikely to be accurate. In this paper, I look at how we might apply principled methods from animal welfare science to arrive at more accurate scores, which will then help us in making the best decisions for animals. I construct and apply a framework of desiderata for welfare measures, to assess the best of the currently available methods and argue that a combined use of both a whole-animal measure and a combination measurement framework for assessing welfare will give us the most accurate answers to guide our action.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Denying elephants freedoms can result in maladaptation, chronic stress, poor welfare, and abnormal stereotypic behaviors.
“Denying these freedoms can result in maladaptation, chronic stress, poor welfare (32, 33), and abnormal stereotypic behaviors (34, 35).”
From Comparison of animal welfare assessment tools and methodologies: need for an effective approach for captive elephants in Asia (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
The Introduction discusses animal welfare generally, and the Cognitive bias section discusses stress as a possible welfare indicator. Neither links denial of freedoms in elephants to maladaptation, chronic stress, poor welfare, or stereotypic behavior; the References list an elephant-welfare study but do not report that finding. Searched for freedom restriction, elephants, stress, and stereotypic behavior. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
From an animal's point of view: Motivation, fitness, and animal welfare
Dawkins, M. S. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00077104 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
The 2020 five domains model: including human-animal interactions in assessments of animal welfare
Mellor, D. J., Beausoleil, N. J., Littlewood, K. E., McLean, A. N., McGreevy, P. D., Jones, B., & Wilkins, C. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10101870 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
An integrative and functional framework for the study of animal emotion and mood
Mendl, M., Burman, O. H. P., & Paul, E. S. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0303 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
Mendl, M., Burman, O. H. P., Parker, R. M. A., & Paul, E. S. (2009) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.023 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Neuroscience of affect: brain mechanisms of pleasure and displeasure
Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.017 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Agitated Honeybees Exhibit Pessimistic Cognitive Biases
Melissa Bateson, B., Desire, S., Gartside, S. E., & Wright, G. A. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.017 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Spruijt, B. M., van den Bos, R., & Pijlman, F. T. A. (2001) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(00)00204-5 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Mellor, D. J. (2017) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani7080060 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Assessing the ‘whole animal’: a free choice profiling approach
Wemelsfelder, F., Hunter, T. E. A., Mendl, M., & Lawrence, A. B. (2001) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1741 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Using preference, motivation and aversion tests to ask scientific questions about animals’ feelings
Kirkden, R. D., & Pajor, E. A. (2006) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2006.04.009 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Wemelsfelder, F., Hunter, E. A., Mendl, M., & Lawrence, A. B. (2000) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00093-3 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
How animals communicate quality of life: the qualitative assessment of behaviour
Wemelsfelder, F. (2007) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600031699 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Happy pigs are dirty! – conflicting perspectives on animal welfare
Lassen, J., Sandøe, P., & Forkman, B. (2006) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.05.008 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Making Decisions under Ambiguity: Judgment Bias Tasks for Assessing Emotional State in Animals
Roelofs, S., Boleij, H., Nordquist, R., & van der Staay, F. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00119 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Stien, L. H., Bracke, M. B. M., Folkedal, O., Nilsson, J., Oppedal, F., Torgersen, T., Kittilsen, S., Midtlyng, P. J., Vindas, M. A., Øverli, Ø., et al. (2013) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/j.1753-5131.2012.01083.x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Lusk, J. L., & Norwood, F. B. (2011) · Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy · doi:10.1093/aepp/ppr036 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
The scientific validity of subjective concepts in models of animal welfare
Wemelsfelder, F. (1997) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(96)01152-5 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Optimism, pessimism and judgement bias in animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lagisz, M., Zidar, J., Nakagawa, S., Neville, V., Sorato, E., Paul, E. S., Melissa Bateson, B., Mendl, M., & Løvlie, H. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.012 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Overall assessment of animal welfare: strategy adopted in Welfare Quality®
Botreau, R., Veissier, I., & Perny, P. (2009) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600000762 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
(2019) · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Animal Welfare Management in a Digital World
Buller, H. J., Blokhuis, H. J., Lokhorst, K., Silberberg, M., & Veissier, I. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10101779 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Cumulative stress in research animals: Telomere attrition as a biomarker in a welfare context?
Melissa Bateson, B. (2015) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201500127 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Botreau, R., Bonde, M., Butterworth, A., Perny, P., Bracke, M. B. M., Capdeville, J., & Veissier, I. (2007) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731107000535 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Bracke, M. B. M., Spruijt, B. M., Metz, J. H. M., & Schouten, W. G. P. (2002) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/2002.8071819x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Norwood, F. B., & Lusk, J. L. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199551163.001.0001 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Affect-Driven Attention Biases as Animal Welfare Indicators: Review and Methods
Crump, A., Arnott, G., & Bethell, E. (2018) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani8080136 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Framework for integrating animal welfare into life cycle sustainability assessment
Scherer, L., Tomasik, B., Rueda, O., & Pfister, S. (2017) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-017-1420-x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Poultry welfare: Science or subjectivity?
Duncan, I. J. H. (2002) · British Poultry Science · doi:10.1080/0007166021000025109 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Andreasen, S. N., Wemelsfelder, F., Sandøe, P., & Forkman, B. (2012) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2012.11.013 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The contribution of qualitative behavioural assessment to appraisal of livestock welfare
Fleming, P. A., Clarke, T., Wickham, S. L., Stockman, C. A., Barnes, A., Collins, T., & Miller, D. W. (2016) · Animal Production Science · doi:10.1071/an15101 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Anxiety influences attention bias but not flight speed and crush score in beef cattle
Lee, C., Cafe, L. M., Robinson, S. L., Doyle, R. E., Lea, J. M., Small, A. H., & Colditz, I. G. (2017) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2017.11.003 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Bracke, M. B. M., Metz, J. H. M., Spruijt, B. M., & Schouten, W. G. P. (2002) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/2002.8071835x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Importance of Wild-Animal Suffering
Tomasik, B. (2015) · Relations Beyond Anthropocentrism · doi:10.7358/rela-2015-002-toma · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Pharmacological manipulations of judgement bias: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Neville, V., Nakagawa, S., Zidar, J., Paul, E. S., Lagisz, M., Melissa Bateson, B., Løvlie, H., & Mendl, M. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.008 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Prioritization of Farm Animal Welfare Issues Using Expert Consensus
Rioja-Lang, F. C., Connor, M., Bacon, H., Lawrence, A. B., & Dwyer, C. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00495 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Compassion, by the Pound: The Economics of Farm Animal WelfarePreprint
Norwood, F. B., & Lusk, J. L. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 82 · see citing works
How assessing relationships between emotions and cognition can improve farm animal welfare
Boissy, A., & Lee, C. (2014) · Scientific and Technical Review (World Organisation for Animal Health) · doi:10.20506/rst.33.1.2260 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Blatchford, R. A., Fulton, R. M., & Mench, J. A. (2015) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps/pev227 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Harvey, A. M., Beausoleil, N. J., Ramp, D., & Mellor, D. J. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10010148 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Farm Animal Welfare: The Interaction of Ethical Questions and Animal Welfare Science
Sandøe, P., Christiansen, S. B., & Appleby, M. C. (2003) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s0962728600026063 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Pettersen, J. M., Bracke, M. B. M., Midtlyng, P. J., Folkedal, O., Stien, L. H., Steffenak, H., & Kristiansen, T. (2013) · Reviews in Aquaculture · doi:10.1111/raq.12039 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Is training zoo animals enriching?
Melfi, V. A. (2013) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2013.04.011 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cognitive Bias in Zoo Animals: An Optimistic Outlook for Welfare Assessment
Clegg, I. L. K. (2018) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani8070104 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Franks, B. (2019) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.28.1.001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
How welfare biology and commonsense may help to reduce animal suffering
Ng, Y. (2016) · Animal Sentience · doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1012 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Aggregating animal welfare indicators: can it be done in a transparent and ethically robust way?
Sandøe, P., Corr, S., Lund, T. B., & Forkman, B. (2019) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.28.1.067 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Beausoleil, N. J., & Mellor, D. J. (2014) · New Zealand Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1080/00480169.2014.956832 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Scollo, A., Gottardo, F., Contiero, B., & Edwards, S. A. (2014) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2014.01.006 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Using motivation tests to assess ethological needs and preferences
Jensen, M. B., & Pedersen, L. J. (2008) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2008.02.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Andreasen, S. N., Sandøe, P., & Forkman, B. (2014) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.23.1.081 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Preference and motivation research.
Fraser, D. J., & Nicol, C. J. (2018) · Animal welfare · doi:10.1079/9781786390202.0213 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wickham, S. L., Collins, T., Barnes, A., Miller, D. W., Beatty, D. T., Stockman, C. A., Blache, D., Wemelsfelder, F., & Fleming, P. A. (2015) · Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science · doi:10.1080/10888705.2015.1005302 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Muri, K., Stubsjøen, S. M., Vasdal, G., Moe, R. O., & Granquist, E. G. (2018) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2018.12.010 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Can biomarkers of biological age be used to assess cumulative lifetime experience?
Melissa Bateson, B., & Poirier, C. (2019) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.28.1.041 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Test-retest reliability of the Welfare Quality® animal welfare assessment protocol for growing pigs
Czycholl, I., Kniese, C., Büttner, K., Beilage, E. G., Schrader, L., & Krieter, J. (2016) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.25.4.447 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Patel, F., Wemelsfelder, F., & Ward, S. J. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9060381 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Veasey, J. S. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10010039 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Soryl, A., Moore, A. J., Seddon, P. J., & King, M. R. (2021) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-021-09855-2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Directly Valuing Animal Welfare in (Environmental) Economics
Carlier, A., & Treich, N. (2020) · International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics · doi:10.1561/101.00000115 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Identification of Animal-Based Welfare Indicators in Captive Reptiles: A Delphi Consultation Survey
Whittaker, A. L., Golder-Dewar, B., Triggs, J. L., Sherwen, S. L., & McLelland, D. J. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11072010 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A Screen-Peck Task for Investigating Cognitive Bias in Laying Hens
Deakin, A., Browne, W. J., Hodge, J. J. L., Paul, E. S., & Mendl, M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158222 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Perspectival pluralism for animal welfare
Veit, W., & Browning, H. (2020) · European Journal for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s13194-020-00322-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationA computer model for welfare assessment of poultry production systems for laying hens
de Mol, R. M., Schouten, W. G. P., Evers, E. G., Drost, H., Houwers, H. W. J., & Smits, A. C. (2006) · NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1573-5214(06)80019-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Pair-bonding influences affective state in a monogamous fish species
Laubu, C., Louâpre, P., & Dechaume‐Moncharmont, F. (2019) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0760 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
COWEL: a decision support system to assess welfare of husbandry systems for dairy cattle
Ursinus, W., Schepers, F., de Mol, R. M., Bracke, M., Metz, J., & Koerkamp, P. G. (2009) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/s096272860000097x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Validation of hippocampal biomarkers of cumulative affective experience
Poirier, C., Bateson, M., Gualtieri, F., Armstrong, E. A., Laws, G. C., Boswell, T., & Smulders, T. (2019) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.024 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Delfour, F., Monreal‐Pawlowsky, T., Vaicekauskaite, R., Pilenga, C., García‐Párraga, D., Rödel, H. G., Caro, N. G., Campos, E. P., & Mercera, B. (2020) · Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens · doi:10.3390/jzbg1010004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Measurability of Subjective Animal Welfare
Browning, H. (2022) · Journal of Consciousness Studies · doi:10.53765/20512201.29.3.150 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying Animal Well-Being and Overcoming the Challenge of Interspecies Comparisons
Budolfson, M. B., & Spears, D. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315105840-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Aerts, S., Lips, D., Spencer, S., Decuypere, E. M. P., & TAVERNIER, J. D. (2006) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-005-4376-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Czycholl, I., Büttner, K., Beilage, E. G., & Krieter, J. (2015) · Archives animal breeding/Archiv für Tierzucht · doi:10.5194/aab-58-237-2015 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bracke, M. B. M. (2001) · doi:10.18174/196942 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Could animal production become a profession?
Fraser, D. J. (2014) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.09.017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Development of a Decision Support System to Assess Farm Animal Welfare
Bracke, M. B. M., Metz, J. H. M., & Spruijt, B. M. (2001) · Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science · doi:10.1080/090647001316923009 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Public Policy, Consequentialism, the Environment, and Nonhuman Animals
Budolfson, M. B., & Spears, D. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190905323.013.26 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
de Graaf, S., Ampe, B., Buijs, S., Andreasen, S. N., Roches, A. D. B. D., van Eerdenburg, F., Haskell, M. J., Kirchner, M. K., Mounier, L., Radeski, M., et al. (2018) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.27.2.157 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
McCulloch, S., & Reiß, M. (2017) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-017-9684-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Intra-day variation of Qualitative Behaviour Assessment outcomes in dairy cattle
Gutmann, A. K., Schwed, B., Tremetsberger, L., & Winckler, C. (2015) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.24.3.319 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Ethics of Touch and the Importance of Nonhuman Relationships in Animal Agriculture
Cooke, S. (2021) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-021-09852-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Extending animal welfare science to include wild animals
Veit, W., & Browning, H. (2021) · Animal Sentience · doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1675 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationFaria, C., & Horta, Ó. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315105840-41 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Influence of Professional Affiliation on Expert’s View on Welfare Measures
Otten, N. D., Rousing, T., & Forkman, B. (2017) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani7110085 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Intuition and the invertebrate dogma
Balcombe, J. P. (2020) · Animal Sentience · doi:10.51291/2377-7478.1591 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Putting the “Free” Back in Freedom
Pierce, J. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781351181440-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Beausoleil NJ, Mellor DJ (2011) Complementary roles for Systematic Analytical Evaluation and qualita- tive Whole Animal Profiling in welfare assessment for Three Rs applications. Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, Montreal, Canada, 21-25
- Bekoff M, Pierce J (2017) The Animals' Agenda: Freedom, Compassion, and Coexistence in the Human Age. Beacon Press
- Fraser D (2008) Understanding Animal Welfare: The Science in its Cultural Context. Wiley-Blackwell
- Haynes RP (2008) Animal welfare: Competing conceptions and their ethical implications. Springer
- McCulloch S, Reiss M (eds) (2017) Animal Welfare Impact Assessment and the Ethics of the Great Brit- ish Badger Cull [Special Issue]. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 30(4), 465-584
- Dhont K, Hodson G (eds) Why We Love and Exploit Animals. Routledge
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Review: Towards an integrated concept of animal welfare
Reimert, I., Webb, L. E., van Marwijk, M. A., & Bolhuis, J. E. (2023) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100838 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Ammann, J., Mack, G., Benni, N. E., Jin, S., Newell‐Price, P., Tindale, S. J., Hunter, E., Vicario‐Modroño, V., Gallardo‐Cobos, R., Sánchez‐Zamora, P., et al. (2024) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105179 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Measurement Problem of Consciousness
Browning, H., Veit, W., & University of Arkansas Press (2020) · Philosophical Topics · doi:10.5840/philtopics20204815 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationWelfare comparisons within and across species
Browning, H. (2023) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-022-01907-1 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving welfare assessment in aquaculture
Browning, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1060720 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationRethinking the utility of the five domains model
Hampton, J. O., Hemsworth, L. M., Hemsworth, P. H., Hyndman, T. H., & Sandøe, P. (2023) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2023.84 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The sentience shift in animal research
Browning, H., & Veit, W. (2022) · The New Bioethics · doi:10.1080/20502877.2022.2077681 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationReview: The challenge to integrate animal welfare indicators into the Life Cycle Assessment
Lanzoni, L., Whatford, L., Atzori, A. S., Chincarini, M., Giammarco, M., Fusaro, I., & Vignola, G. (2023) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2023.100794 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Perspectival pluralism for animal welfare
Veit, W., & Browning, H. (2020) · European Journal for Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1007/s13194-020-00322-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationTourism & animal suffering: Mapping the future
Fennell, D. A., & Thomsen, B. (2021) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2021.103317 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Biological normativity: a new hope for naturalism?
Veit, W. (2021) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-020-09993-w · Cited by 28 · see citing works
van der Staay, F. J., Goerlich, V. C., Meijboom, F. L. B., & Arndt, S. S. (2025) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2025.23 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Long-Lasting Chews Elicit Positive Emotional States in Dogs during Short Periods of Social Isolation
Flint, H. E., Atkinson, M., Lush, J., Hunt, A. B. G., & King, T. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13040552 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Behavioural Development of Three Former Pet Chimpanzees a Decade after Arrival at the MONA Sanctuary
Feliu, O., Masip, M., Maté, C., Sánchez‐López, S., Crailsheim, D., & Kalcher-Sommersguter, E. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12020138 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wiese, T. R., Rey, S., Betancor, M. B., Haskell, M. J., Jarvis, S., Davie, A., Wemelsfelder, F., & Turnbull, J. F. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1260090 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Plugging biologging into animal welfare: An opportunity for advancing wild animal welfare science
Beaulieu, M., & Masilkova, M. (2024) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.14441 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Phenomenology Applied to Animal Health and Suffering
Veit, W., & Browning, H. (2021) · The International Library of Bioethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65613-3_6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationForis, B., Sheng, K., Dürnberger, C., Oczak, M., & Rault, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2025.1645901 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Quality-of-Life Assessments in Zoo Animals: Not Just for the Aged and Charismatic
Campbell-Ward, M. L. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13213394 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Considering What Animals “Need to Do” in Enclosure Design: Questions on Bird Flight and Aviaries
Rose, P. E., Freeman, M. S., Hickey, I., Kelly, R. J., & Greenwell, P. J. (2024) · Birds · doi:10.3390/birds5030039 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Conceptual framework for considering animal welfare in sustainability assessments of foods
Richter, S., Scherer, L., Hegwood, M., Bartlett, H., Bossert, L. N., Frehner, A., & Schader, C. (2024) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2024.10.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pedrazzani, A. S., Cozer, N., Quintiliano, M. H., & Ostrensky, A. (2024) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes9110440 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Khire, I., & Ryba, R. (2025) · British Poultry Science · doi:10.1080/00071668.2024.2432926 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Improving wild animal welfare through contraception
Eckerström‐Liedholm, S., Hecht, L., & Elliott, V. L. (2024) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biae071 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mösch, L., Kunczik, J., Breuer, L., Merhof, D., Gass, P., Potschka, H., Zechner, D., Vollmar, B., Tolba, R. H., Häger, C., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286230 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cost-effectiveness of One Health interventions for rabies elimination: a systematic review
Nujum, Z. T., Asaria, M., Kurup, K. K., Mini, M., Mazumdar, S., Daptardar, M., & Tiwari, H. (2023) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1093/trstmh/trad074 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mittal, R., Ho, A., Adivikolanu, H., Sawhney, M., Lemos, J. R. N., Mittal, M., & Hirani, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1644907 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Neuhauser, J., Hintze, S., Rault, J., Smith, S., & Širovnik, J. (2023) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105996 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ghimire, R., Brown, J. L., Thitaram, C., & Bansiddhi, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1370909 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The importance of end-of-life welfare
Browning, H., & Veit, W. (2022) · Animal Frontiers · doi:10.1093/af/vfab078 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationMurphy, E., & Legrand, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Animal Science · doi:10.3389/fanim.2023.1225839 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Johnson, M., & Barrett, M. (2025) · Animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2025.101501 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Animal Minds, Social Change, and the Future of Fisheries Science
Freeling, B. S., & Connell, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.684841 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Raudies, C., & Gygax, L. (2024) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2024.48 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Harvey‐Carroll, J., Carroll, D., Trivella, C.-M., & Connelly, E. (2025) · Wildlife Biology · doi:10.1002/wlb3.01404 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Exploring the Importance of Environmental Complexity for Newly Hatched Zebrafish
Santacà, M., Gatto, E., Dadda, M., Bruzzone, M., Maschio, M. D., & Bisazza, A. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14071031 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Are the key welfare models effective for exotic pet animals?
Warwick, C., Steedman, C., Jessop, M., & Grant, R. (2024) · Discover Animals · doi:10.1007/s44338-024-00013-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Vickram, A. S., Infant, S. S., Saravanan, A., Mathan, M. C. M., Gulothungan, G., & Chopra, H. (2025) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000003622 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Assessing laboratory animal welfare: the crucial importance of construct validity
Mason, G. (2026) · Laboratory Animals · doi:10.1177/00236772251380871 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Arndt, S. S., van der Staay, F. J., & Goerlich, V. C. (2024) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2024.36 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Apis mellifera welfare: definition and future directions
Formato, G., Giannottu, E., Roncoroni, C., Lorenzi, V., & Brajon, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Animal Science · doi:10.3389/fanim.2024.1486587 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Application of Machine Learning in Drone Technology for Tracking of Tigers
AlZubi, A. A., & Alkhanifer, A. A. (2024) · Indian Journal of Animal Research · doi:10.18805/ijar.bf-1759 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Judgment bias, fear, and stress responses of Red Junglefowl and Athens Canadian Random Bred chickens
Oyeniran, V. J., Whittle, R. H., Orlowski, S., & Weimer, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Animal Science · doi:10.3389/fanim.2025.1573847 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effects of scentwork and traditional training classes on dog welfare, behavior, and human-dog bond
Sobol, S., & Dowling‐Guyer, S. (2026) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2026.106924 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Professional dog trainers’ perspectives on training methods: ethical and evidentiary insights
DeLeeuw, J. L., & Williams, T. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1744448 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Review: How do we measure welfare on farm? Indicators, proxies and gold standards
Dwyer, C. M., Jørgensen, G. H. M., & Gautier, J. M. (2026) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2026.101790 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mösch, L., Kunczik, J., Breuer, L., Merhof, D., Gass, P., Potschka, H., Zechner, D., Vollmar, B., Tolba, R. H., Häager, C., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.12.540546 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Importance and Intended Use of the Mental State Domain in the Five Domains Model
Littlewood, K. E., Kells, N. J., Beausoleil, N. J., & Mellor, D. J. (2025) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800624313.0024 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Time to death for on-farm emergency slaughtered cattle in Norway
Skúladóttir, G., Holmøy, I. H., & Martin, A. D. (2025) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106670 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Torres, R. D. S., Gansel, L. C., & Bracke, M. B. M. (2026) · Smart Agricultural Technology · doi:10.1016/j.atech.2026.101814 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Novel technologies for monitoring small ruminant welfare
Almeida, M., & Silva, S. R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22201-6.00002-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Halm, D. (2024) · Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research · doi:10.1163/25889567-bja10049
Animal welfare science, performance metrics, and proxy failure
Browning, H., & Veit, W. (2024) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x2300300x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationOptimism about Wild Fish Welfare
York, K. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-024-09937-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Survey on Inter-animal Welfare Comparisons
Bruers, S. (2025) · Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research · doi:10.1163/25889567-bja10057 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fit-for-purpose validation of hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker of dairy cow welfare
Botia, M., Contreras-Aguilar, M. D., Cerón, J. M. C., Llonch, P., Berteselli, G. V., Canali, E., Frondelius, L., & Stygar, A. H. (2025) · Journal of Dairy Research · doi:10.1017/s0022029925101039 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Measuring sleep in farm animals: Achievements and challenges
Möseler, S. M., & Stracke, J. (2025) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106907 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Beaulieu, M. (2026) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2025.0424 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Assessing good physical health and resilience as a foundation for positive welfare in chickens
Jung, L., Newberry, R. C., Togami, Y., & Šemrov, M. Z. (2026) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2026.106805 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
PsittaWel: A welfare assessment tool for companion parrots
Piseddu, A., van Zeeland, Y. R. A., Hemsworth, L. M., & Rault, J. (2026) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2026.10089 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The emerging field of wild animal welfare science
Elliott, V. L., Beausoleil, N. J., Browning, H., Díez‐León, M., Goddard, P., Graham, M., Ramp, D., Sebo, J., Soryl, A., & Zemanova, M. A. (2026) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2026.06.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationInclusive Cities for All Beings: Urban Animal Governance From a “One Welfare” Perspective
Ruyver, C. D., Moons, C. P. H., Diederich, C., & Hannes, K. (2026) · Social Inclusion · doi:10.17645/si.12046 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Raudies, C., Knoll, M., & Gygax, L. (2025) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106605
Platto, S., Serres, A., Normando, S., Manteca, X., Temple, D., & Hao, Y. (2025) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2025.19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aydın, A. A., Şenok, A., & Dellal, G. (2023) · Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology · doi:10.24925/turjaf.v11i1.156-165.5696
Editorial: Animal-Assisted Interventions
Kogan, L. R. (2024) · Animal Behaviour and Welfare Cases · doi:10.1079/abwcases.2024.0009
Kogan, L. R. (2024) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800626539.0017
Best Practice for Farmed Insect Welfare: Lessons from Black Soldier Flies
Browning, H., & Veit, W. (2025) · Animal Behaviour and Welfare Cases · doi:10.1079/abwcases.2025.0014
Self-citationEnvironmental Parameters as Indicators of Bear Welfare
Fourage, A., Shepherd, C. R., Nekaris, K. A. I., & Nijman, V. (2025) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.70010
Treich, N. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009699334.005
Treich, N. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009699334.007
Welfare of farm animals as an ethical component of the professional activity of a veterinarian
Yevtukh, L. H., Гуральська, С. В., Кот, Т. Ф., Захарін, В. В., Пінський, О. В., Шнайдер, В. Л., & Kochuk-Yashchenko, O. A. (2025) · Науковий вісник Львівського національного університету ветеринарної медицини та біотехнологій імені С.З. Ґжицького · doi:10.32718/nvlvet12007
Rowe, E., Annan, R., Corridan, C. L., Hanlon, A. J., Leonard, B., Wensley, S., & Mullan, S. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Animal Science · doi:10.3389/fanim.2026.1758227
Welfare implications of injuries and deformities in wild fish
Eckerström‐Liedholm, S. (2026) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.1017/awf.2026.10083
Novel behavioural measures of sheep welfare
Temple, D., Larrondo, C., & Manteca, X. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-14048-8.00014-7
Kang, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1814857
How precaution should track uncertainty in animal sentience judgements
Carranza‐Pinedo, V. (2026) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.1093/pq/pqag038
Gartland, K. N., Bovee, E., Reed, A. N., & Fuller, G. A. (2026) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.70183
Esponda-Hernández, W., Saraoz, R. S., Martínez, J. E. P., Cadena-Villegas, S., Rodas-Trejo, J., & Cigarroa-Vázquez, F. A. (2026) · Revista Mvz Córdoba · doi:10.21897/rmvz.3964
Assessment and valuation of government policies to improve food animal welfare
Bennett, R. M., Balcombe, K., Maggs, H. C., Abeyesinghe, S. M., Arnott, G., Bell, N., Butterworth, A., Duncan, J. S., Dwyer, C., Haskell, M. J., et al. (2026) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2026.103145
Reddy, C., & Pillay, N. (2026) · Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens · doi:10.3390/jzbg7030032
Validity and reliability of the Organic method used for assessment of plumage damage in laying hens
Brindle, J., Foldager, L., Tahamtani, F. M., Krogh, M. A., & Riber, A. B. (2026) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2026.107687
Beyond human-centered automated machine learning
Bliek, L., & O’Neill, E. (2026) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-026-01397-5
de la Montaña, A. C., Fernández-Casado, D., Rodríguez, F. S., & Pérez‐López, M. (2026) · Anales de Veterinaria de Murcia · doi:10.6018/analesvet.717211
Barata, R. (2026) · European Scientific Journal ESJ · doi:10.19044/esj.2026.v22n27p1
- Authors
- Browning, H.
- Affiliations
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Browning, Heather
- ORCID
- Browning, Heather
- Venue
- Biology & Philosophy
- Published
- 2022-08
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0169-3867 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-8404
- OpenAlex
- W3027854888
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 15.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biology & Philosophy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PhilSci-Archive (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (851145)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Animal Law and Welfare
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- animal welfare, welfare measurement, animal ethics, animal welfare policy, animal management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
