Consumption of soy foods and the risk of breast cancer: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study
Open accessAbstract
Objective The association between a lower incidence of breast cancer within the Asian population and the consumption of a diet high in soy has recently been the subject of much attention. To examine whether soy foods really have protective effects against breast cancer and how their influence on breast cancer is modified according to menopausal status, we conducted a population-based, prospective cohort study in Japan. Methods We analyzed the data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. From 1988 to 1990, 30,454 women aged 40-79 years, completed a questionnaire on diet and other lifestyle features. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed to examine the association between soy intake and the risk of breast cancer. Results During the mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 145 cases of breast cancer were documented. We found no significant association between the risk of breast cancer and consumption of tofu, boiled beans, and miso soup; the multivariate HRs (95% CI) in the highest category of consumption were 1.14 (0.74-1.77), 0.77 (0.47-1.27) and 1.01 (0.65-1.56), respectively. Only among postmenopausal women, we found no significant associations between soy foods and the risk of breast cancer. Conclusions This prospective study suggests that consumption of soy food has no protective effects against breast cancer. Further large-scale investigations eliciting genetic factors may clarify different roles of various soybean-ingredient foods on the risk of breast cancer.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Of 11 prospective cohort studies reporting on risk of primary breast cancer, one (9%) showed soy isoflavone intake was associated with overall reduced risk, while the remaining studies showed no associations.
“Of 11 studies reporting on risk of primary breast cancer, one (9%) showed that soy isoflavone intake was associated with overall reduced risk of breast cancer [116], while the remaining studies showed no associations [99,104,105,107-109,111,113-115,117].”
From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [111]
The indexed copy for this DOI contains an erratum about boron and prostate cancer (Cancer Causes & Control 18:583–584), not the stated soy-food cohort study. Searches for soy isoflavones and reduced breast-cancer risk found no relevant passage, so the finding attributed to [116] cannot be checked against our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy: Scientific Review
Nelson, H. D., Humphrey, L. L., Nygren, P., Teutsch, S. M., & Allan, J. D. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.7.872 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Soya foods and breast cancer risk: A prospective study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
Key, T. J., Sharp, G. B., Appleby, P. N., Beral, V, Goodman, M. T., Soda, M., & Mabuchi, K. (1999) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690837 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Epidemiology of soy exposures and breast cancer risk
Wu, A. H., Yu, M. C., Tseng, C.-C., & Pike, M. C. (2008) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604145 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Fritz, H., Seely, D., Flower, G., Skidmore, B., Fernandes, R., Vadeboncoeur, S., Kennedy, D., Cooley, K., Wong, R., Sagar, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081968 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Wu, J., Zeng, R., Huang, J., Li, X., Zhang, J., Ho, J., & Zheng, Y. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8110730 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Zhao, T.-T., Jin, F., Li, J.-G., Xu, Y.-Y., Dong, H.-T., Liu, Q., Xing, P., Zhu, G.-L., Xu, H., & Miao, Z.-F. (2019) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.006 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nishio, K., Niwa, Y., Toyoshima, H., Tamakoshi, K., Kondo, T., Yatsuya, H., Yamamoto, A., Suzuki, S., Tokudome, S., Lin, Y., Wakai, K., Hamajima, N., & Tamakoshi, A.
- Affiliations
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Osaka City University (JP)
- Nagoya City University (JP)
- Aichi Medical University (JP)
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Nishio, Kazuko
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Causes & Control
- Published
- 2007-07-06
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 801-808
- ISSN
- 0957-5243 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7225
- OpenAlex
- W3139229692
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cancer Causes & Control (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- soy products, breast cancer risk, tofu, miso soup, menopausal status, postmenopausal women, dietary intake, protective effect, Asian diet, Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Breast Neoplasms, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Japan, Menopause, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cohort Studies, Risk Assessment, Soy Foods
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
