Differential relationships of child anxiety and depression to child report and parent report of electronic media use
Open accessAbstract
Child depression and anxiety have been associated with electronic media use, but the comorbidity between the two has rarely been accounted for in analyses. We examined both child and parent reports of electronic media use in relation to parent-reported child depression and anxiety. Using survey and interview data collected for 9- to 11-year-olds from the 21-site adolescent brain cognitive development study, we conducted generalized linear mixed models. Our results demonstrated that electronic media use was more strongly associated with depression than anxiety, and that accounting for depression significantly reduced the relationship between electronic media use and anxiety. Different categories of electronic media showed differential relationships to anxiety and depression, with video gaming and video chatting related to anxiety, but video watching related to depression. These findings provide important data to ground theories of the mechanisms that contribute to these associations.
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In an early data release of the ABCD Study (4528 participants), screen time was positively associated with anxiety and depression when controlling for age, sex, BMI, family income, race, and physical activity.
“One study thus far has examined the relationship between screen time and mental health in the context of anxiety and depression in 4528 participants from an early data release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study), reporting that, when controlling for participant age, sex, BMI, family income, race, and physical activity, screen time was positively associated with anxiety”
Different types of screen time (e.g., television, texting) showed differential relationships to anxiety and depression.
“The same study also found that different types of screen time (e.g., television, texting) showed differential relationships to anxiety and depression.”
In that study, child report of weekday electronic media use and both child and parent report of weekend electronic media use were significantly associated with anxiety, and both child and parent report of both weekend and weekday electronic media use were significantly associated with depression.
“The authors found that child report of weekday electronic media use and both child and parent report of weekend electronic media use were significantly associated with anxiety, and both child and parent report of both weekend and weekday electronic media use were significantly associated with depression.”
We replicated their findings closely, which suggests that the discrepancy in our results primarily arises from the differences in the sample as it doubled in size.
“We replicated their findings closely, which suggests that the discrepancy in our results primarily arises from the differences in the sample as it doubled in size.”
Both the current study and the previous [11] find only weak associations of screen time with internalizing problems in the baseline ABCD sample.
“Overall, both the current study and the previous [11] find only weak associations of screen time with internalizing problems in the baseline ABCD sample.”
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- Authors
- Fors, P. Q., & Barch, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fors, Payton Q.
- ORCID
- Barch, Deanna M.
- Venue
- Child Psychiatry & Human Development
- Published
- 2019-05-06
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 907-917
- ISSN
- 0009-398X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3327
- PMC
- PMC6790192
- OpenAlex
- W2944248072
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 8.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Child Psychiatry & Human Development (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (U01DA041120-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety, childhood depression, electronic media use, video gaming, video chat, video viewing, comorbidities, parent report, child report, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, children aged 9-11
- MeSH terms
- Screen Time, Anxiety, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Telecommunications, Video Games, Internet, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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