Psychological Morbidity of Farmers and Non-farming Population: Results from a UK Survey
Abstract
The relatively high rate of suicide among UK farmers suggests that they may suffer greater mental health problems than the general population. This paper provides a comparison of the psychological morbidity of farmers and their partners/spouses with non-farmers. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was administered using face-to-face interviews with 784 attendees of agricultural shows in the UK. Results show that GHQ-12 scores for farmers and their partners/spouses were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those for the non-farming population, indicating higher psychological morbidity among farmer families. Approximately 35% of farmers had scores 12 and higher (recommended cut-off for psychiatric disorders), compared to 27% of non-farmers. Within the farmers group, male respondents, those aged from 45 to 64, self-employed or not in paid employment, having a non-supervisory position and living in a rural area were characterized by higher mean GHQ-12 scores compared to correspondent subgroups from the non-farming population.
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Symptoms of depression in farmers are associated with a 13% increase in sex-adjusted and age-adjusted mortality.
“symptoms of depression are associated with a 13% increase in sex-adjusted and age-adjusted mortality [4–7].”
From Improving the mental health of farmers: what types of remote support are acceptable, feasible, and improve outcomes? A feasibility RCT (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hounsome, B., Edwards, R. T., Hounsome, N., & Edwards-Jones, G.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hounsome, Barry
- Venue
- Community Mental Health Journal
- Published
- 2011-05-10
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 503-510
- ISSN
- 0010-3853 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2789
- OpenAlex
- W2025653116
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Community Mental Health Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- farmer mental health, psychological morbidity, farm households, General Health Questionnaire, mental illness, rural population, agricultural exhibitions, mental health risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agricultural Workers' Diseases, Agriculture, Mental Disorders, Employment, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Residence Characteristics, Rural Health, Rural Population, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Wales, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Spouses, Young Adult
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