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Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ): Scale Development and Psychometric Characteristics
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Despite the popularity of emotion regulation in the contemporary literature, research has almost exclusively focused on only intrapersonal processes, whereas much less attention has been placed in interpersonal emotion regulation processes. In order to encourage research on interpersonal emotion regulation, we present a series of 4 studies to develop the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ). The final scale consists of 20 items with 4 factors containing 5 items each. The 4 factors are: Enhancing Positive Affect; Perspective Taking; Soothing; and Social Modeling. The scale shows excellent psychometric characteristics. Implications for future research are discussed.
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“individual differences in interpersonal ER skills, such as becoming dependent on others or social settings to regulate one’s own emotions (e.g., through excessive reassurance or advice seeking)20,26 have been shown to predict depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults.19,27”
From A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
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“We considered several assessment measures related to expert reviews of interpersonal ER19,20,27,68; however, we were unable to locate any intervention trials that utilized these measures.”
From A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hofmann, S. G., Carpenter, J. K., & Curtiss, J.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hofmann, Stefan G.
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2016-01-30
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 341-356
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- PMC
- PMC4864994
- OpenAlex
- W2333998128
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 16.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- OpenBU (Boston University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (R01AT007257)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- interpersonal emotion regulation, scale development, psychometric properties, perspective taking, soothing, social modeling, interpersonal processes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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