The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Explainable AI and machine learning: performance evaluation and explainability of classifiers on educational data mining inspired career counseling
Open accessAbstract
Machine Learning concept learns from experiences, inferences and conceives complex queries. Machine learning techniques can be used to develop the educational framework which understands the inputs from students, parents and with intelligence generates the result. The framework integrates the features of Machine Learning (ML), Explainable AI (XAI) to analyze the educational factors which are helpful to students in achieving career placements and help students to opt for the right decision for their career growth. It is supposed to work like an expert system with decision support to figure out the problems, the way humans solve the problems by understanding, analyzing, and remembering. In this paper, the authors have proposed a framework for career counseling of students using ML and AI techniques. ML-based White and Black Box models analyze the educational dataset comprising of academic and employability attributes that are important for the job placements and skilling of the students. In the proposed framework, White Box and Black Box models get trained over an educational dataset taken in the study. The Recall and F-Measure score achieved by the Naive Bayes for performing predictions is 91.2% and 90.7% that is best compared to the score of Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, SVM, KNN, and Ensemble models taken in the study.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Guleria and Sood [20] showed that integrating ML with XAI supports educational decision-making by providing transparent predictions for student career guidance.”
From Multinational machine learning investigation of whether generative AI interactions augment or substitute cognitive skills and study efficiency in global higher education (2026) · cites this paper as Guleria and Sood [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
Greedy function approximation: A gradient boosting machine
Friedman, J. H. (2001) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1013203451 · Cited by 30,731
The Elements of Statistical Learning
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. (2009) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7 · Cited by 25,970
A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions
Lundberg, S., & Lee, S.-I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.07874 · Cited by 23,707
"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier
Ribeiro, M. T., Singh, S., & Guestrin, C. (2016) · Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining · doi:10.1145/2939672.2939778 · Cited by 17,555
Breiman, L. (1996) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00058655 · Cited by 16,325
The random subspace method for constructing decision forests
Ho, T. K. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.709601 · Cited by 7,005
17. A Value for n-Person Games
Shapley, L. S. (1953) · Contributions to the Theory of Games (AM-28), Volume II · doi:10.1515/9781400881970-018 · Cited by 6,950
Ho, T. K. (2002) · IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR) · doi:10.1109/icdar.1995.598994 · Cited by 6,311
Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches
Aamodt, A., & Plaza, E. (1994) · AI Communications · doi:10.3233/aic-1994-7104 · Cited by 5,624
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Alexitch, L. R., & Page, S. (1997). Evaluation of academic and career counseling information and its relation to students’ educational orientation. Canadian Journal of Counseling, 31(3), 205–218.
- Doshi-Velez, F., & Kim, B. (2017). Towards a rigorous science of interpretable machine learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.08608. · arXiv
- Gorad, N., Zalte, I., Nandi, A., & Nayak, D. (2017). Career counseling using data mining. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering.
- Guidotti, R., Monreale, A., Ruggieri, S., Pedreschi, D., Turini, F., & Giannotti, F. (2018). Local rule-based explanations of black box decision systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.10820. · arXiv
- Hall, P., & Gill, N. (2019). An introduction to machine learning interpretability. O’Reilly Media, Incorporated.
- Mao, J., Gan, C., Kohli, P., Tenenbaum, J. B., & Wu, J. (2019). The neuro-symbolic concept learner: Interpreting scenes, words, and sentences from natural supervision. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.12584. · arXiv
- Morgan, T., & Ness, D. (2003). Career decision-making difficulties of first-year students. The Canadian Journal of Career Development, 2(1), 33–39.
- Pujari, A. M., Dalvi, R. M., Gawde, K. S., & Tatwadarshi, P. N. (2019). SCCAI-A Student Career Counseling Artificial Intelligence. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation, 1(2), 1–6.
- Sample, I. (2017). Computer says no: Why making AIs fair, accountable and transparent is crucial. The Guardian, 5, 1–15.
- Valenzuela-Escárcega, M. A., Nagesh, A., & Surdeanu, M. (2018). Lightly-supervised representation learning with global interpretability. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.11545. · arXiv
- Watkins, K. A. N. O. K. W. A. N. An improved recommendation models on grade point average prediction and postgraduate identification using data mining. Advances in Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems and Artificial Intelligence, 186–194.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–178 of 178
One-Sided Parasociality with AI
Degen, J. L. (2025) · Palgrave Studies in Cyberpsychology. · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07438-6_5 · Cited by 2
Vecchi, E. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16010149 · Cited by 3
Wang, Q., Chen, F., Han, Y., Li, X., & Lu, C. (2026) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2026.102154 · Cited by 1
Xiao, Y.-M., & Li, Q.-Y. (2026) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00952-7 · Cited by 2
Model Interpretability in the Educational Data Mining Context: A Systematic Literature Mapping
Carvalho, C. S., Mattos, J. C. B., & de Aguiar, M. S. (2026) · Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação · doi:10.5753/rbie.2026.6984 · Cited by 1
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Career Guidance and Counseling
Taveira, M. D. C., & Silva, A. D. (2026) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000592 · Cited by 1
Li, G., Sangsawang, T., Vipahasna, P. P., Pigultong, M., Punyayodhin, S., & Darboth, K. (2024) · Journal of Applied Data Sciences · doi:10.47738/jads.v5i1.172 · Cited by 1
Predicting and Analysing University Dropout Rates using Machine Learning Methods
Balachandar, V., & Venkatesh, K. (2023) · International Conference on Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems (ICSES) · doi:10.1109/icses60034.2023.10465449 · Cited by 1
A Neuroimaging Yolov8-Based Cad Framework for Anosmia Grading in Covid-19
Balaha, H. M., Elgendy, M., Alksas, A., Shehata, M., Alghamdi, N. S., Taher, F., Ghazal, M. A., Ghoneim, M. M. R., Hamed, E., Sherif, F., et al. (2024) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647303 · Cited by 1
Explainable AI Based Classification Of Slow Learners and Remedial Teaching Methods
kotapati, R. S., Naren, J., Mounnya, M., Kumar, D. P., Sasidhar, P., & Vamsi, P. S. (2025) · International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET) · doi:10.1109/incet64471.2025.11140871 · Cited by 1
Predicting student satisfaction in career choices using machine learning: a case study
Oubraime, M., M’hamdi, A., & Sabour, A. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-01337-9 · Cited by 1
Bolatimi, O. S., Ricky-Okine, C., Bolatimi, F. E., Agbesi, C. C. M., Martey, F., Bolatimi, O. R., Peter, A., & Kwaku, E. O. (2026) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-026-02082-6
“…et al., [40] reported that SHAP-based explanations generated actionable recommendations for improving educational quality, whereas Guleria and Sood [20] showed that integrating ML with XAI supports educational decision-making by providing transparent predictions for student career guidance.”
Zhang, J., & Pokharel, S. (2023) · International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (CSEA) · doi:10.5121/csit.2023.130518
Nadela, S. D., & Yin, K. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3650005/v1
A Novel Explainable Ai Measure for Enhancing Decision-MakingPreprint
Kumar, P., & Sinha, R. K. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4655828
Kariyer Psikolojik Danışması ve Rehberligi Uygulamaları
Yılmaz, O., Kılıç, Ö. U., Kırdök, O., Çaykuş, T. M., Kırdök, O., Özdemir, N. K., Ayaz, A., Büyükgöze-Kavas, A., Kağnıcı, D. Y., Özdemir, N. K., et al. (2024) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.3018
Lv, J. (2024) · Journal of Electrical Systems · doi:10.52783/jes.1706
Liu, G., & Jingxi, L. I. A. O. (2024) · Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala · doi:10.33788/rcis.85.2
Stoliarova, V., Khlobystova, A. O., & Abramov, M. V. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements (SCM) · doi:10.1109/scm62608.2024.10554170
Zhang, X., Peng, L., & Wang, P. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4393-3_29
Bora, M., & Baruah, R. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3601-0_15
Lei, Y. (2024) · Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences · doi:10.2478/amns-2024-3243
Optimizing Student Performance Prediction: A Comparative Analysis Using Machine Learning
Pratihar, T., Mandal, S., Manna, S., Gorai, P., Chandra, A., Shit, S., Chatterjee, P., Mandal, S. K., Das, S., & Biswas, A. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Communication, Computing and Signal Processing (IICCCS) · doi:10.1109/iicccs61609.2024.10763748
Liang, Y. (2024) · Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences · doi:10.2478/amns-2024-3516
Lessons from Skill Development Programs - Livelihood College of Dhamtari
Choudhury, A., & Patel, N. (2026) · arXiv.org · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80829-6_13
Di, N., & Shang, M. (2024) · International Conference on Distributed Systems, Computer Networks and Cybersecurity (ICDSCNC) · doi:10.1109/icdscnc62492.2024.10939701
Intelligent data analysis based on natural language processing technology in educational evaluation
Zheng, R. (2025) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-025-00276-y
NLP-Powered Career and Higher Education Guidance and Recommendation System: A Deep Learning Approach
Veena, M., & Kotari, M. (2025) · Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers · doi:10.1142/s0218126625503839
A Novel Meta-Analysis based Predicting Toxicity in Meditation Practices using Optimize Deep Learning
Ramalakshmi, P., Geerthik, S., A, S. G., Aravinth, R., & Gokulakrishnan, M. (2025) · International Conference on Augmented Intelligence and Sustainable Systems (ICAISS) · doi:10.1109/icaiss61471.2025.11042014
Performance Analysis of AI Based Online Learning platform
Soni, P., & Verma, A. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95017-9_30
Accurate Estimation of Density of Liquid Siloxanes Via Robust Machine Learning Methods
Liu, H., Adhab, A. H., Padmapriya, G., Yadav, A., Kashyap, A., Chennakesavulu, K., Mohanty, B., Srivastava, M., Mahdi, M. S., Shomurotova, S., et al. (2025) · Silicon · doi:10.1007/s12633-025-03375-8
Hua, Z., & Liang, J. (2025) · Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1177/14727978251375426
RetractedMethods and challenges in job recommendation systems: A review
Hasan, M. R., Goh, H.-N., Ting, C., Quek, A., & Haque, R. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0299300
Data mining-driven communication strategy optimization model for parent-teacher social platforms
Qin, Y. (2025) · Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1177/14727978251385130
Revolutionizing Education: The CourseSphere AI Platform for Personalized Learning
Sarker, A., Islam, M. T., Karmaker, R., Chowdhury, S., Roychoudhury, S., & Muthukumar, P. (2025) · International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies · doi:10.1109/iccpct65132.2025.11176711 · Cited by 1
AI-Based Educational Interactive Agents Using Hybrid Query Classification
Agrawal, S., & Iyer, R. (2025) · International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering · doi:10.1142/s0218194025500925
Angara, D., & Yellapu, J. (2025) · Journal of Information & Knowledge Management · doi:10.1142/s0219649225501163 · Cited by 1
Data Mining Techniques in Health Care Sector
Tyagi, A. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2545-3.ch004
Modeling capillary bound water in limestone reservoirs
Alkwai, L. M., Yadav, K., Almansour, S., Dutta, D., & Abbasi, H. (2026) · Unconventional Resources · doi:10.1016/j.uncres.2026.100308
Nazirullah, & Nisar, M. W. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-2622-1.ch009
Yang, C. Q. (2025) · International Conference on Software, Systems and Information Technology (SSITCON) · doi:10.1109/ssitcon66133.2025.11342176
Machine Learning Approaches for Career Growth Recommendation — A Review
Acharya, S., Shetty, S., & Bhat, G. (2025) · International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN) · doi:10.1109/cicn67655.2025.11368107
Shukla, T. D., Manhas, S., Sidhu, S. K., Balaraju, B. V., Kaur, D., & Selvakumarasamy, K. (2025) · International Conference on NexGen Networks and Cybernetics (IC2NC) · doi:10.1109/ic2nc67409.2025.11376403
Data Driven Insight for AI Music E-Learning: Churn Prediction and Behavioral Segmentation
Wirasti, H. D., Fakhrurroja, H., & Pratiwi, O. N. (2025) · International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS) · doi:10.1109/iciss66954.2025.11389651
Le, T. T. T., Ho, D., & Tran, H. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8458923/v1
Kommina, S. B., Saraswathi, G., Atukuri, V. N. C. S., Muppidi, A., Edara, V. S., & P., V. V. S. E. R. (2026) · Computer Applications in Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/cae.70165
Interpretable learning models: an XAI-focused evaluation of classifier performance
Guleria, P. (2026) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-026-11933-3 · Cited by 1
Self-citationArya, A., Adsad, A., Katre, A., Dani, A., Bedekar, A., & Kalamkar, A. (2025) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computation-Based Sensor Application (ICAIQSA) · doi:10.1109/icaiqsa67794.2025.11440459
Design and Development of an AI-Based Career Predictor & Resume Builder for Engineering Graduates
Balvir, S. U., Sachan, S., Dhongle, M., Dhamne, S., Raut, K., & Kukde, A. (2025) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computation-Based Sensor Application (ICAIQSA) · doi:10.1109/icaiqsa67794.2025.11440555
Sayed, E. A., Ali, D. A., Alrashdi, I., Sallam, K. M., Abdel‐Basset, M., & Ismail, M. M. (2026) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05917-6
Liu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Discover Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s44163-026-00876-2
DaDc: dual attention and dual co-action net for click-through rate prediction
Cao, C., Kong, M., Ye, Y., Xiong, L., Li, X., & Hou, M. (2026) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-026-12076-1
SkillSync: AI-Based Career Mapping & Market Trend Analysis
Russel, R., Singh, K., Mishra, V., & Arora, Y. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19678-1_36
Li, X., & Wen, S. (2026) · International Conference on Digital Education and Information Technology (DEIT) · doi:10.1145/3802607.3802657
Chen, W., Yang, Y., Gan, Q., & Wang, Y. (2026) · International Conference on Digital Education and Information Technology (DEIT) · doi:10.1145/3802607.3802611
Feng, F., Si, N., & Feng, L. (2026) · Computer Applications in Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/cae.70194
Zheng, Z. (2025) · Asian Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technology (ACAIT) · doi:10.1109/acait67930.2025.11522074
AI-Based Sentiment Analysis for Improving Feedback in Ideological and Political Education
Wang, P. (2026) · International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies · doi:10.4018/ijwltt.410625
Peddarapu, R. K., Perala, H., Mathi, R., Mandan, S., & Burugoju, R. K. (2026) · International Conference on Current Trends in Advanced Computing (ICCTAC) · doi:10.1109/icctac68277.2026.11524519
Academic Performance and Its Influence on Students Placement Outcomes: An Exploratory Analysis
Mistry, L., Shekhawat, D., Patil, H., & Kanga, R. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26908-9_32
Díaz, G. M. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16060917
AI-Driven Career Pathway Identification Using Multidimensional Skill and Interest Analysis
Sanap, M., Jaybhaye, S. M., Sirse, A., Ardalkar, Y., Jankar, A., Pawar, A., Jain, A., & Gaikwad, A. (2026) · International Conference on Sustainable and Futuristic Technologies (ICSFT) · doi:10.1109/icsft67370.2026.11566544
Ou, X. (2026) · International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computational Networks (ICISCN) · doi:10.1109/iciscn67954.2026.11566510
Tang, Z., Fei, G., Huang, X., Zhao, Q., Zhai, X., & Hu, G. (2026) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2026.105029
Li, H. (2026) · Discover Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-026-09034-w
Using explainable artificial intelligence to investigate key factors predicting students’ creativity
Zhang, Y., Peng, T., Li, Y., Yu, S., Ni, L., Mu, S., & Liu, X. (2026) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2026.102316
Ding, F. (2026) · Discover Internet of Things · doi:10.1007/s43926-026-00410-x
Reimagining Career Counseling in India: Large Language Models as Catalysts for Accessible Guidance
Yashoda, M. B., Revathy, V. R., Jishnu, M. S., Paul, V. G., Sevanth, M., Robinson, A. P., & Chauhan, N. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-20612-1_18
Trust in Embodied Conversational Agents: A Cross-Scale Evaluation of HCTS and METI
Sautchuk-Patrício, N., & Wölfel, M. (2026) · International Conference on Human-AI Interaction and Experience Design (HAXD) · doi:10.1109/haxd70072.2026.11620933
Gupta, K. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10516581/v1
Nazir, M., Noraziah, A., Alsaleh, A., Rahmah, M., Chaudhary, U. M. D., & Herawan, T. (2026) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-4305-1_16
A Hybrid Intelligence Framework for Personalized Career Guidance via LLMs and Reinforcement Learning
Li, G., Zhang, X., & Zhou, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach · doi:10.4018/ijitsa.420186
Gutiérrez-Aguilar, O., Duche-Pérez, A. B., Tomaylla-Quispe, Y. S., Huanca, S. C., Arenas-Perez, S., & Quilcca, G. G. M. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-25652-2_37
Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1871065
Process optimization of LIG preparation by CO2 and UV laser based on data-driven learning
Ming, Q., Liu, H., Cai, Y., Ma, W., Li, S., & Wan, Q. (2026) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2026.117024
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of AI-Based STEM Learning Program
Adiyono, A., Muhtadin, M., Rahayu, A. P., Endarwati, R., & Hanur, B. S. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0383-1.ch010
Zhao, J. (2026) · International Journal of Decision Support System Technology · doi:10.4018/ijdsst.424740
Abeer, S. A., & Khan, M. M. (2026) · Array · doi:10.1016/j.array.2026.101356
Metadata
- Authors
- Guleria, P., & Sood, M.
- Affiliations
- Himachal Pradesh University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Guleria, Pratiyush
- Venue
- Education and Information Technologies
- Published
- 2022-07-16
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1081-1116
- ISSN
- 1360-2357 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7608
- PMC
- PMC9287825
- OpenAlex
- W4285586905
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 26.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Education and Information Technologies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › AI and HR Technologies
- Keywords
- explainable AI, career guidance, educational data mining, classifier evaluation, decision support system, naive Bayes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review