The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Where Are the Babies? Labor Market Conditions and Fertility in Europe
Open accessAbstract
Cross-country differences in both the age at first birth and fertility are substantial in Europe. This paper uses distinct fluctuations in unemployment rates across European countries during the 1980s and the 1990s combined with broad differences in their labor market arrangements to analyze the associations between fertility timing and the changing economic environment with close to 50,000 women from 13 European countries. First, it employs time-varying measures of aggregate market conditions in each woman’s country as covariates and second, it adds micro-measures of each woman’s labor market history to the models. High and persistent unemployment in a country is associated with delays in childbearing (and second births). The association is robust to diverse measures of unemployment and to controls for family-friendly policies. Besides moderate unemployment, a large public employment sector (which provides security and benefits) is coupled with faster transitions to all births. Women with temporary contracts, mostly in Southern Europe, are the least likely to give birth to a second child.RésuméEn Europe, les différences entre pays tant pour l’âge à la première naissance que pour la fécondité sont importantes. Dans cet article, les données sur les fluctuations des taux de chômage dans les pays européens durant les années 1980 et les années 1990 ainsi que sur les grandes différences dans les caractéristiques du marché du travail sont utilisées afin d’analyser les associations entre calendrier de fécondité et l’environnement économique variable, pour près de 50.000 femmes dans treize pays européens. Dans un premier temps, des mesures agrégées et variant avec le temps du marché économique du pays de chacune des femmes sont utilisées comme covariables ; dans un deuxième temps, des caractéristiques relatives à l’histoire de chaque femme sur le marché du travail sont ajoutées au modèle. Dans les pays présentant un chômage élevé et persistant, la fécondité (et les secondes naissances) est postposée. Cette association persiste en dépit de diverses mesures prises pour enrayer le chômage et malgré le contrôle de l’existence de politiques en faveur de la famille. Un chômage modéré et une proportion élevée d’emploi dans le secteur public (garantie de sécurité et d’avantages) sont associés à une procréation plus rapide. Les femmes ayant des contrats d’emploi temporaires, principalement en Europe du Sud, ont les plus faibles probabilités de donner naissance à un deuxième enfant.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Becker, G. S. (1991) · doi:10.4159/9780674020665 · Cited by 10,565
Journal of economic literature
Armstrong, J. S. (1996) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/0169-2070(96)88197-0 · Cited by 9,923
Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies
Esping-Andersen, G. (1999) · doi:10.1093/0198742002.001.0001 · Cited by 6,253
(2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.7.i · Cited by 5,406
Journal of Economic Literature
Gordon, R. (2009) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.99.2.671 · Cited by 4,808
The Robust Inference for the Cox Proportional Hazards Model
Lin, D. Y., & Wei, L. J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1989.10478874 · Cited by 2,695
Human Capital, Fertility, and Economic Growth
Becker, G. S., Murphy, K. M., & Tamura, R. (1990) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261723 · Cited by 1,988
Europe's second demographic transition.
van de Kaa, D. J. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 1,935
An Economic Analysis of FertilityPreprint
Becker, G. S. (1960) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1,826
The Emergence of Lowest‐Low Fertility in Europe During the 1990s
Kohler, H., Billari, F. C., & Ortega, J. A. (2002) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2002.00641.x · Cited by 1,451
Cited by
Economic Recession and Fertility in the Developed World
Sobotka, T., Skirbekk, V., & Philipov, D. (2011) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00411.x · Cited by 863
Balbo, N., Billari, F. C., & Mills, M. (2013) · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie · doi:10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y · Cited by 623
Luci-Greulich, A., & Thévenon, O. (2013) · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie · doi:10.1007/s10680-013-9295-4 · Cited by 367
Beaujouan, E., & Berghammer, C. (2019) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-019-09516-3 · Cited by 317
Vanishing Children: From High Unemployment to Low Fertility in Developed Countries
Adsera, A. (2005) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282805774669763 · Cited by 278
Metadata
- Authors
- Adsera, A.
- Venue
- European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie
- Published
- 2010-10-17
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-32
- ISSN
- 0168-6577 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9885
- OpenAlex
- W1647816935
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 87
- FWCI
- 29.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Where Are the Babies? Labor Market Conditions and Fertility in Europe. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s10680-010-9222-x
- The paper
- Adsera, A. (2011). Where Are the Babies? Labor Market Conditions and Fertility in Europe. European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-010-9222-x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.