Cited by 182Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlVagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchCardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias

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Methods of assessing vagus nerve activity and reflexes

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Chapleau, Mark W., Sabharwal, Rasna·2011·Heart Failure Reviews

DOI 10.1007/s10741-010-9174-6PMC PMC4322860

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Abstract

The methods used to assess cardiac parasympathetic (cardiovagal) activity and its effects on the heart in both humans and animal models are reviewed. Heart rate (HR)-based methods include measurements of the HR response to blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (parasympathetic tone), beat-to-beat HR variability (HRV) (parasympathetic modulation), rate of post-exercise HR recovery (parasympathetic reactivation), and reflex-mediated changes in HR evoked by activation or inhibition of sensory (afferent) nerves. Sources of excitatory afferent input that increase cardiovagal activity and decrease HR include baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, trigeminal receptors, and subsets of cardiopulmonary receptors with vagal afferents. Sources of inhibitory afferent input include pulmonary stretch receptors with vagal afferents and subsets of visceral and somatic receptors with spinal afferents. The different methods used to assess cardiovagal control of the heart engage different mechanisms, and therefore provide unique and complementary insights into underlying physiology and pathophysiology. In addition, techniques for direct recording of cardiovagal nerve activity in animals; the use of decerebrate and in vitro preparations that avoid confounding effects of anesthesia; cardiovagal control of cardiac conduction, contractility, and refractoriness; and noncholinergic mechanisms are described. Advantages and limitations of the various methods are addressed, and future directions are proposed.

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Authors: Chapleau, M. W., & Sabharwal, R.
Affiliations: University of Iowa (US)
Corresponding author: Chapleau, Mark W.
ORCID: Chapleau, Mark W.
Sabharwal, Rasna
Venue: Heart Failure Reviews
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2010-06-25
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Pages: 109-127
ISSN: 1382-4147 (ISSN-L)
1573-7322
DOI: 10.1007/s10741-010-9174-6
PMC: PMC4322860
OpenAlex: W2075538930
Cited by: 182
References: 177
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 1.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Heart Failure Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-14388, P01HL014388)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
Keywords: vagus nerve activity, parasympathetic nervous system, heart rate variability, muscarinic receptor blockade, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, pulmonary stretch receptors, vagal afferents, cardiac conduction, cardiac contractility
MeSH terms: Animals, Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic, Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic, Disease Models, Animal, Exercise Test, Heart Rate, Humans, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Pressoreceptors, Receptors, Muscarinic, Sympathetic Nervous System, Time Factors, Vagus Nerve, Exercise

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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Methods of assessing vagus nerve activity and reflexes

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