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Prediction of Tonic Parasympathetic Cardiac Control Using Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: The Need for Respiratory Control
Abstract
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has received much attention in recent years due to the large body of evidence indicating that variations in this phenomenon represent alterations in parasympathetic cardiac control. Although it appears that respiratory sinus arrhythmia is mediated by vagal mechanisms, the extent to which the well‐known respiratory influences (i.e., rate and tidal volume) on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (in altering its magnitude) may moderate the relationship between RSA and cardiac vagal tone has never been systematically studied. We addressed this issue by examining intraindividual relationships among RSA magnitude, respiration (rate and tidal volume), and heart period among six healthy male adults after intravenous administration of 10 mg propranolol, a beta‐adrenergic blocker. Subjects were exposed to various behavioral tasks which altered all physiological variables measured. Variations in heart period after beta blockade were assumed to be predominantly vagally mediated. Within‐subject regression analyses consistently showed that respiratory parameters influenced RSA magnitude, but not tonic variations in beta‐blocked heart period, suggesting that respiratory‐mediated RSA alterations are not associated with changes in cardiac vagal tone. Only when respiratory variables were statistically controlled was there evidence of a reasonable correspondence between beta‐blocked heart period and RSA amplitude, providing support for the idea that respiratory parameters need to be controlled when using RSA amplitude as an index of cardiac vagal tone. Repeated‐measures analyses of variance of mean levels of heart period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia across subjects supplemented and supported the intraindividual results. These findings point to the importance of controlling for respiratory parameters when using respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a cardiac vagal index.
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Increases in respiration rate can reduce RSA while increases in tidal volume can increase it, independent of changes in vagal outflow.
“It has been known for some time that increases in respiration rate can reduce RSA while increases in tidal volume can increase it, independent of changes in vagal outflow (Hirsch & Bischop, 1981; Grossman, Karemaker & Wieling, 1991; Ritz & Dahme, 2006).”
From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Grossman, Karemaker & Wieling, 1991
Breathing excursions systematically modulate heart rate and blood pressure.
“It is well-known that breathing excursions systematically modulate HR and BP (Hirsch & Bischop, 1981; Grossman et al., 1991; Eckberg, 2003).”
From The psychophysiology of blood-injection-injury phobia: Looking beyond the diphasic response paradigm (2010) · cites this paper as Grossman et al., 1991
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grossman, P., Karemaker, J., & Wieling, W.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Grossman, Paul
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1991-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 201-216
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W2148063368
- Cited by
- 471
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 8.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Psychophysiology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiac vagal tone, heart period, respiratory rate, tidal volume, propranolol, beta-adrenergic blockade, vagal mechanisms, within-person variability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Electrocardiography, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Microcomputers, Middle Aged, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Respiration, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Vagus Nerve
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