The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Adult Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-2 (RBQ-2A): A Self-Report Measure of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours
Open accessAbstract
In two studies we developed and tested a new self-report measure of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRB) suitable for adults. In Study 1, The Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-2 for adults (RBQ-2A) was completed by a sample of 163 neurotypical adults. Principal components analysis revealed two components: Repetitive Motor Behaviours and Insistence on Sameness. In Study 2, the mean RBQ-2A scores of a group of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 29) were compared to an adult neurotypical group (N = 37). The ASD sample had significantly higher total and subscale scores. These results indicate that the RBQ-2A has utility as a self-report questionnaire measure of RRBs suitable for adults, with potential clinical application.
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“autistic people score significantly higher on the measure than typically developing individuals, suggesting that it is a valid measure of autism-specific repetitive behaviours.”
From Guided self-help for depression in autistic adults: The ADEPT feasibility RCT (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The RBQ2-A (Barrett et al. 2015) has been adapted from the Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire-2, which was designed for parents of young children to use. The RBQ2-A is a 20-item questionnaire used in clinical practice to assess the frequency of repetitive behaviours in autistic adults.”
From Towards a Treatment for Intolerance of Uncertainty for Autistic Adults: A Single Case Experimental Design Study. (2018) · cites this paper as Barrett et al. 2015
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“It has been found to have good internal consistency, with Cronbach alphas of between 0.73 and 0.83”
From Guided self-help for depression in autistic adults: The ADEPT feasibility RCT (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
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Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
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Carter, M. J. (2014) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 15,154
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065 · cited 2×
“Such differences may be due to the use of RRB measures that are different in terms of their scope and format, such as the Repetitive Behaviour Scale-Revised (RBS-R; Bodfish et al. 1999) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADIR; Lord et al. 1994).”
BackgroundMethodA Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis
Horn, J. L. (1965) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289447 · Cited by 8,965 · cited 1×
“Components were extracted using parallel analysis (Horn 1965) with the Monte Carlo PCA for Parallel Analysis program.”
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The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712 · cited 1×
“While there is a selfreport interview of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS; Goodman et al. 1989), to our knowledge there are no published self-report measures for the full range of RRBs relevant to the diagnosis of ASD.”
BackgroundBaron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005653411471 · Cited by 6,450 · cited 7×
“The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ; Baron-Cohen et al. 2001) is a measure of autistic traits that includes items related to RRBs (e.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialExploratory Factor Analysis: A Five-Step Guide for Novices
Williams, B. A., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · doi:10.33151/ajp.8.3.93 · Cited by 2,967 · cited 1×
“However, the literature is equivocal regarding the appropriate sample size for PCA and factor analysis (e.g., Tabachnick and Fidell 2014; Williams et al. 2010) and the assumptions for PCA were met.”
Method
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Wechsler, D. (2008). WAIS-IV administration and scoring manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
- World Health Organization. (1993). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Jones, C. R. G., Simonoff, E., Baird, G., Pickles, A., Marsden, A. J. S., Tregay, J., Happé, F., & Charman, T. (2018) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1873 · Cited by 259
Joyce, C., Honey, E., Leekam, S. R., Barrett, S. L., & Rodgers, J. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3027-2 · Cited by 171
“The RBQ-2A self-report measure used in this study has not been validated for this population and has only been used in undergraduate students and a small sample (N=29) of adults with ASD (Barrett et al., 2015).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationEnglish, M. C. W., Gignac, G. E., Visser, T. A. W., Whitehouse, A., Enns, J. T., & Maybery, M. T. (2021) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-021-00445-7 · Cited by 160
“) [23] • For Repetitive Behaviours, the Repetitive Behaviours subscale of the Adult Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire [20] • For Cognitive Rigidity, the Insistence on Sameness subscale of the Adult Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire • For Sensory Sensitivity, the Hyper-sensitivity items from the Glasgow Sensory Que…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHwang, Y. I. (., Arnold, S., Srasuebkul, P., & Trollor, J. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319868907 · Cited by 141
“For repetitive behaviours, a smaller association was found between the two subscales, reflecting the distinct two-factor structure of this scale reported in previous studies (Barrett et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe autism advantage at work: A critical and systematic review of current evidence
Bury, S. M., Hedley, D., Uljarević, M., & Gal, E. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103750 · Cited by 149
“A number of factor analytical studies conducted on a variety of interview and questionnaire measures including the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R; Bishop et al., 2013; Lam, Bodfish, & Piven, 2008; Richler, Huerta, Bishop, & Lord, 2010), the Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire-2, the Repetitive Behaviors Sca…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Barrett, S. L., Uljarević, M., Baker, E. K., Richdale, A. L., Jones, C. R. G., & Leekam, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Barrett, Sarah L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2015-07-09
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3680-3692
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC4608982
- OpenAlex
- W1921535324
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 3.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Cardiff University
- Economic and Social Research Council (1358945, ES/F037821/1)
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- restricted and repetitive behaviors, self-report questionnaire, adults, autism spectrum disorder, insistence on sameness, psychometric validation, neurotypical adults
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stereotyped Behavior, Case-Control Studies, Principal Component Analysis, Self Report
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