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Sex Differences in Internalizing Problems During Adolescence in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Oswald, Tasha M., Winter-Messiers, Mary Ann, Gibson, Brandon, Schmidt, Alexandra M., Herr, Cynthia M., Solomon, Marjorie·2016·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

DOI 10.1007/s10803-015-2608-1

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Abstract

We hypothesized that the double hit conferred by sex and diagnosis increases the risk for internalizing disorders in adolescent females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In a sample of 32 adolescents with ASD and 32 controls, we examined the effects of sex, diagnostic factors, and developmental stages on depression and anxiety. A 3-way interaction revealed that females with ASD exhibited greater depressive symptoms than males with ASD and female controls particularly during early adolescence; therefore, females with ASD might have a unique combination of genetic, hormonal, and psychosocial vulnerabilities that heighten their risk for depression during early adolescence. Additionally, the ASD group reported high levels of separation anxiety and panic in late adolescence, possibly indicating atypical development of independence.

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Authors: Oswald, T. M., Winter-Messiers, M. A., Gibson, B., Schmidt, A. M., Herr, C. M., & Solomon, M.
Affiliations: University of Oregon (US)
Pacific University Oregon (US)
University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Oswald, Tasha M.
ORCID: Oswald, Tasha M.
Winter-Messiers, Mary Ann
Schmidt, Alexandra M.
Solomon, Marjorie
Venue: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-10-05
Volume: 46
Issue: 2
Pages: 624-636
ISSN: 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
1573-3432
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2608-1
OpenAlex: W1874090168
Cited by: 104
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 2.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, sex differences, internalizing problems, depression, anxiety, adolescents, early adolescence, separation anxiety, panic, developmental stages
MeSH terms: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Adolescent Development, Sexual Development

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Sex Differences in Internalizing Problems During Adolescence in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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