Understanding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Autism-Related Service Use Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children
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Racial and ethnic disparities in the use of nine common autism-related services among Medicaid-enrolled children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were examined, distinguishing between school and other community-based outpatient settings. Using 2012 Medicaid Analytic Extract data, we identified 117,848 continuously enrolled children with ASD. Several racial and ethnic disparities were found, varying by geography. Black, Asian, and Native American/Pacific Islanders received fewer outpatient services compared with white children, but there was no disparity for Latinx children. Black and Asian children received more school-based services than white children. Disparities in case management/care coordination services were largest and present in each minority group. Geographic variation in receipt of services suggests targets for policy intervention to improve access for minorities with ASD.
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ASD is beginning to be identified more in lower-SES groups than previously; however, barriers to services still exist for lower-SES families of children with ASD (e.g., transportation, childcare, and job accommodations).
“ASD is beginning to be identified more in lower-SES groups than previously (7,11); however, barriers to services still exist for lower-SES families of children with ASD (e.g., transportation, childcare, and job accommodations) (18–26).”
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- Authors
- Bilaver, L. A., Sobotka, S. A., & Mandell, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bilaver, Lucy A.
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2020-11-21
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3341-3355
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC8137720
- OpenAlex
- W3103748250
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 3.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Resources and Services Administration (R40MC288550100)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, racial and ethnic disparities, Medicaid, children with autism, school-based services, outpatient care, case management, care coordination, regional variation, access to services, Black children, Asian children, Latinx children
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Child, Ethnicity, Humans, Medicaid, United States, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Healthcare Disparities
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