Race differences in the age at diagnosis among medicaid-eligible children with autism
Abstract
Objective To examine racial differences in the age at which Medicaid-eligible children first receive an autistic disorder (AD) diagnosis and to examine time in mental health treatment until an AD diagnosis was received.Method Philadelphia Medicaid specialty mental health claims identified 406 children who received services in 1999 for AD. Claims from 1993-1999 were used to identify the date of first mental health visit, first receipt of AD diagnosis, and number of visits occurring between those dates. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship among race, age at first diagnosis of AD, time in mental health treatment, and number of visits until the diagnosis was made.Results On average, white children received the AD diagnosis at 6.3 years of age, compared with 7.9 years for black children (p <.001). White children entered the mental health system at an earlier age (6.0 versus 7.1 years, p =.005); however, after adjusting for age, sex, and time eligible for Medicaid, black children required more time in treatment before receiving the diagnosis.Conclusions Important disparities exist in the early detection and treatment of autism. These disparities may be the result of differences in help-seeking, advocacy and support, and clinician behaviors.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The larger study was intentionally conducted with families from low-income households and minoritized racial/ethnic backgrounds to represent those who have historically experienced disparities in access to developmental-behavioral specialty care.
“The larger study was intentionally conducted with families from low-income households and minoritized racial/ethnic backgrounds to represent those who have historically experienced disparities in access to developmental-behavioral specialty care (Liptak et al., 2008; Magaña et al., 2013; Mandell et al., 2002; K. A. Smith et al., 2020).”
From Parenting Stress, Child Social Functioning, and Part C Early Intervention in Predominantly Low-Income Families of Children With or at High Risk for Developmental Delay From Minoritized Racial and Ethnic Groups (2023) · cites this paper as Mandell et al., 2002
For specific ASD diagnosis, mean age at diagnosis across studies ranged from 42 to 78 months.
“Seven studies assessed the mean or median age at which a specific diagnosis of “ASD” (i.e. “ASD-NOS,” “general ASD,” etc.) was assigned; mean and median age at diagnosis estimates ranged from 42 [39] to 78 months [18] and from 36 [26] to 106 months [28], respectively.”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
Comorbid intellectual disability is associated with later ASD diagnosis in one study.
“one found comorbid intellectual disability to be associated with later age at diagnosis [39].”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
Three studies found first-born children diagnosed later.
“Among the six studies that assessed the association between birth order and age at diagnosis, two found no association [29 and 42], one found first-born children to be diagnosed earlier [12], and three found firstborn children to be diagnosed later [36, 37, and 39].”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
African-American children are diagnosed later than White children in three studies.
“Three studies found African-American children to be diagnosed later than White children [6, 39, and 42]”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
The three studies finding later diagnosis for African-American children differed from no-association studies on key factors.
“The three studies that found that African-American children were diagnosed later than White children differed on a number of key factors from studies finding no association between race and age of diagnosis, such as study period, sampling procedure, sample, and location [6, 39, and 42].”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
More recent diagnosis period is associated with significantly younger age at diagnosis.
“all but three studies [34, 39, and 41] found that children who were diagnosed more recently were diagnosed at significantly younger ages”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
Children in the Northeast are diagnosed significantly earlier than children in the other three US Census regions.
“Rosenberg and colleagues found that children living in the Northeast were diagnosed significantly earlier than children living in the other three US Census regions [39].”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
Rural or nonmetropolitan residence is associated with later ASD diagnosis.
“three studies found living in a rural or nonmetropolitan area to be associated with later age at diagnosis [13, 20, and 39].”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,767 · see citing works
Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship.
Cooper-Patrick, L., Gallo, J. J., Gonzales, J., Vu, H. T., Powe, N., Nelson, C., & Ford, D. (1999) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.282.6.583 · Cited by 2,130 · see citing works
A case-control family history study of autism
Bolton, P., Macdonald, H., Pickles, A., Rios, P., Goode, S., Crowson, M., Bailey, A., & Rutter, M. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x · Cited by 1,094 · see citing works
Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism
Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P., Ashwal, S., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., Gordon, B., Gravel, J. S., Johnson, C. P., Kallen, R. J., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.4.468 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
Self-citationAutism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association
Taylor, B., Miller, E., Farrington, C., Petropoulos, M.-C., Favot-Mayaud, I., Li, J., & Waight, P. A. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01239-8 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Prevalence of Autism in a United States Population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, Investigation
Bertrand, J., Mars, A. E., Boyle, C. A., Bove, F., Yeargin‐Allsopp, M., & Decouflé, P. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Diagnosis in Autism: A Survey of Over 1200 Patients in the UK
Howlin, P., & Moore, A. (1997) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361397012003 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
A Broader Phenotype of Autism: The Clinical Spectrum in Twins
Couteur, A. S. L., Bailey, A. J., Goode, S., Pickles, A. R., Gottesman, I. I., Robertson, S., & Rutter, M. L. (1996) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01475.x · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Volkmar, F. R., Cook, E. H., Pomeroy, J. C., Realmuto, G. M., & Tanguay, P. E. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0890-8567(99)80003-3 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Wu, P., Hoven, C. W., Bird, H., Moore, R. E., Cohen, P. R., Alegria, M. M., Dulcan, M. K., Goodman, S. H., Horwitz, S. M., Lichtman, J. H., et al. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199909000-00010 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Racial differences in attitudes toward professional mental health care and in the use of services.
Diala, C. C., Muntaner, C., Walrath, C., Nickerson, K. J., LaVeist, T. A., & Leaf, P. J. (2000) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0087736 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Early identification of autism by the CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT)
Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. J., Cox, A., Baird, G., Charman, T., Swettenham, J., Drew, A., & Doehring, P. (2000) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107680009301007 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The definition and prevalence of autism: A review
Wing, L. (1993) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/bf02098832 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Is There an Epidemic of Autism?
Fombonne, E. J. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.107.2.411 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Race and Gender Differences in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in Young Adolescents
Cuffe, S. P., Waller, J. L., Cuccaro, M. L., Pumariega, A. J., & Garrison, C. Z. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199511000-00021 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Comparison of Clinical Symptoms in Autism and Asperger's Disorder
Eisenmajer, R., Prior, M. R., Leekam, S., Wing, L., Gould, J., Welham, M., & Ong, B. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199611000-00022 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Factors Associated With Use of Mental Health Services for Depression by Children and Adolescents
Wu, P., Hoven, C. W., Cohen, P. G., Liu, X., Moore, R. E., Tiêt, Q. Q., Okezie, N., Wicks, J., & Bird, H. (2001) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.2.189 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Correlates of unmet need for mental health services by children and adolescents
FLISHER, A. J., KRAMER, R. A., Grosser, R. C., Alegria, M. M., Bird, H., Bourdon, K. H., Goodman, S. H., Greenwald, S., Horwitz, S. M., MOORE, R. E., et al. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005412 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Ethnic minority adolescents and the use of community mental health care services
Bui, K.-V. T., & Takeuchi, D. T. (1992) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00937752 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Mental Health Service Utilization by African Americans and Whites
Cooper, L. A., Gallo, J. J., Powe, N. R., Steinwachs, D. M., Eaton, W. W., & Ford, D. E. (1999) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199910000-00007 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Autistic Children: Diagnosis and Clinical Features
Rapin, I. (1991) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.87.5.751 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Screening and surveillance for autism and pervasive developmental disorders
Baird, G., Charman, T., Cox, A., Baron‐Cohen, S., Swettenham, J., Wheelwright, S. J., & Drew, A. (2001) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.84.6.468 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Reliability and Accuracy of Differentiating Pervasive Developmental Disorder Subtypes
Mahoney, W. J., Szatmári, P., MacLean, J. E., Bryson, S. E., Bartolucci, G., Walter, S. D., Jones, M. B., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199803000-00012 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Treatment of Autistic Disorder
Campbell, M., Schopler, E., Cueva, J. E., & Hallin, A. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199602000-00005 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The effects of race on diagnosis and disposition from a psychiatric emergency service.
Strakowski, S. M., Lonczak, H. S., Sax, K. W., et al. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Brief report: Epidemiology of autism
Bryson, S. E. (1996) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172005 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Ethnic minority status and adolescent mental health services utilization
Hoberman, H. M. (1992) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/bf02518990 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Influence of Race on Diagnosis in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients
Kilgus, M. D., Pumariega, A. J., & Cuffe, S. P. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199501000-00016 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Profile of Referrals for Early Childhood Developmental Delay to Ambulatory Subspecialty Clinics
Shevell, M. I., Majnemer, A., Rosenbaum, P., & Abrahamowicz, M. (2001) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307380101600904 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
High functioning autistic children and the construction of “normal family life”
Gray, S. W. (1997) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00237-7 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Accommodation, resistance and transcendence: three narratives of autism
Gray, S. W. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00424-x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cuccaro, M. L., Wright, H. H., Rownd, C. V., Abramson, R. K., Waller, J. L., & Fender, D. (1996) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172830 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Genetic Counseling in Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Simonoff, E. A. (1998) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1026060623511 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
What Do Medical Students Know about Autism?
Shah, K. (2001) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361301005002003 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Parental perception of behavioral symptoms in Japanese autistic children
Ohta, M., Nagai, Y., Hara, H., & Sasaki, M. (1987) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01486970 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Stability and Interpersonal Agreement of the Interview-Based Diagnosis of Autism
Hill, A., Bölte, S., Petrova, G., Beltcheva, D., Tacheva, S., & Poustka, F. (2001) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000049305 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Access for Low-income Children: Is Health Insurance Enough?
Rosenbach, M., Irvin, C., & Coulam, R. F. (1999) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.103.6.1167 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Newschaffer, C. J., Croen, L. A., Daniels, J., Giarelli, E., Grether, J. K., Levy, S. E., Mandell, D. S., Miller, L. A., Pinto-Martin, J., Reaven, J., et al. (2007) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007 · Cited by 1,228 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised With Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F)
Robins, D. L., Casagrande, K., Barton, M., Chen, C.-M. A., Dumont-Mathieu, T., & Fein, D. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1813 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Identification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Mandell, D. S., Wiggins, L. D., Carpenter, L. A., Daniels, J., DiGuiseppi, C., Durkin, M. S., Giarelli, E., Morrier, M. J., Nicholas, J. S., Pinto-Martin, J. A., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.131243 · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors Associated With Age of Diagnosis Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Mandell, D. S., Novak, M. M., & Zubritsky, C. D. (2005) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0185 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Self-citationExplaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review
Daniels, A. M., & Mandell, D. S. (2014) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361313480277 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Self-citationShattuck, P. T., Durkin, M., Maenner, M., Newschaffer, C., Mandell, D. S., Wiggins, L., Lee, L.-C., Rice, C., Giarelli, E., Kirby, R., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31819b3848 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Self-citationRacial and Ethnic Disparities in the Health and Health Care of Children
Flores, G., & THE COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC RESEARCH (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0188 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Disparities in Diagnoses Received Prior to a Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mandell, D. S., Ittenbach, R. F., Levy, S. E., & Pinto-Martin, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0314-8 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Mental Health
Alegria, M., Vallas, M., & Pumariega, A. J. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.07.001 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Liptak, G. S., Benzoni, L. B., Mruzek, D. W., Nolan, K. W., Thingvoll, M. A., Wade, C. M., & Fryer, G. E. (2008) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e318165c7a0 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Levy, S. E., Giarelli, E., Lee, L.-C., Schieve, L. A., Kirby, R. S., Cunniff, C., Nicholas, J., Reaven, J., & Rice, C. E. (2010) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181d5d03b · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Self-citationZwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Lord, C., Rogers, S., Carter, A., Carver, L., Chawarska, K., Constantino, J., Dawson, G., Dobkins, K., et al. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1606 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Vitamin D hormone regulates serotonin synthesis. Part 1: Relevance for autism
Patrick, R. P., & Ames, B. N. (2014) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.13-246546 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
WIGGINS, L. D., BAIO, J., & RICE, C. (2006) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200604002-00005 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Access to Diagnosis and Treatment Services Among Latino Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Magaña, S., Lopez, K., Aguinaga, A., & Morton, H. (2013) · Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1934-9556-51.3.141 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Access to Care for Autism-Related Services
Thomas, K. C., Ellis, A. R., McLaurin, C., Daniels, J., & Morrissey, J. P. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0323-7 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Latino parents’ perspectives on barriers to autism diagnosis
Zuckerman, K. E., Sinche, B., Mejia, A., Cobian, M., Becker, T., & Nicolaidis, C. (2014) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2013.12.004 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Psychotropic medication use among Medicaid-enrolled children with autism spectrum disorders
Mandell, D. S., Morales, K. H., Marcus, S. C., Stahmer, A. C., Doshi, J., & Polsky, D. E. (2008) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0984 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Self-citationInfants and Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Early Identification and Early Intervention
Boyd, B. A., Odom, S. L., Humphreys, B. P., & Sam, A. M. (2010) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/1053815110362690 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Underdiagnosis and Referral Bias of Autism in Ethnic Minorities
Begeer, S., Bouk, S. E., Boussaid, W., Terwogt, M. M., & Koot, H. M. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0611-5 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Accuracy of autism screening in a large pediatric network
Guthrie, W., Wallis, K., Bennett, A., Brooks, E., Dudley, J., Gerdes, M., Pandey, J., Levy, S. E., Schultz, R. T., & Miller, J. S. (2019) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3963 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Self-citationDisparities in service use among children with autism: a systematic review.
Smith, K. A., Gehricke, J.-G., Iadarola, S., Wolfe, A., & Kuhlthau, K. A. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1895g · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Prevalence and Characteristics of Children With Autism-Spectrum Disorders
Nicholas, J. S., Charles, J. M., Carpenter, L. A., King, L. B., Jenner, W., & Spratt, E. G. (2008) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.10.013 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Pediatrician Identification of Latino Children at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Zuckerman, K. E., Mattox, K., Donelan, K., Batbayar, O., Baghaee, A., & Bethell, C. (2013) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0383 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Parental Concerns, Provider Response, and Timeliness of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis
Zuckerman, K. E., Lindly, O. J., & Sinche, B. K. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.03.007 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Race Matters? Examining and Rethinking Race Portrayal in Preclinical Medical Education
Tsai, J., Ucik, L., Baldwin, N., Hasslinger, C., & George, P. (2016) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001232 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Migration and autism spectrum disorder: population-based study
Magnusson, C., Rai, D., Goodman, A., Lundberg, M., Idring, S., Svensson, A., Koupil, I., Serlachius, E., & Dalman, C. (2012) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.095125 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Le Couteur, A., Haden, G., Hammal, D., & McConachie, H. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0403-3 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Autism, ethnicity and maternal immigration
Keen, D. V., Reid, F. D., & Arnone, D. (2010) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.065490 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
ECHO Autism STAT: Accelerating Early Access to Autism Diagnosis
Mazurek, M. O., Curran, A., Burnette, C., & Sohl, K. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3696-5 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Differences in Autism Symptoms Between Minority and Non-Minority Toddlers
Tek, S., & Landa, R. J. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1445-8 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Identifying Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at 18 Months in a General Population Sample
Stenberg, N., Bresnahan, M., Gunnes, N., Hirtz, D., Hornig, M., Lie, K. K., Lipkin, W. I., Lord, C., Magnus, P., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., et al. (2014) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12114 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Jo, H., Schieve, L. A., Rice, C. E., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Tian, L. H., Blumberg, S. J., Kogan, M. D., & Boyle, C. A. (2015) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1683-4 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Explaining Low Rates of Autism Among Hispanic Schoolchildren in Texas
Palmer, R. F., Walker, T., Mandell, D., Bayles, B., & Miller, C. S. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.150565 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationGona, J. K., Newton, C. R., Rimba, K., Mapenzi, R., Kihara, M., Van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Abubakar, A. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132729 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Harrison, A. J., Long, K. A., Tommet, D. C., & Jones, R. N. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3176-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Brookman-Frazee, L. I., Taylor, R., & Garland, A. F. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0976-0 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Access Barriers to Services by Immigrant Mothers of Children with Autism in Canada
Khanlou, N., Haque, N., Mustafa, N., Vazquez, L. M., Mantini, A., & Weiss, J. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-017-9732-4 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Conceptualization of autism in the Latino community and its relationship with early diagnosis.
Zuckerman, K. E., Sinche, B., Cobian, M., Cervantes, M., Mejia, A., Becker, T., & Nicolaidis, C. (2014) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000091 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Jarquin, V. G., Wiggins, L. D., Schieve, L. A., & Van Naarden-Braun, K. (2011) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e31820b4260 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Drahota, A., Sadler, R., Hippensteel, C., Ingersoll, B., & Bishop, L. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320931265 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Autism spectrum disorders: Toward a gendered embodiment model
Cheslack-Postava, K., & Jordan-Young, R. M. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.013 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Priority service needs and receipt across the lifespan for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Lai, J. K. Y., & Weiss, J. A. (2017) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1786 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Janvier, Y. M., Harris, J. F., Coffield, C. N., Louis, B., Xie, M., Cidav, Z., & Mandell, D. S. (2016) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361315585055 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationHerlihy, L. E., Brooks, B., Dumont-Mathieu, T., Barton, M. L., Fein, D., Chen, C.-M., & Robins, D. L. (2014) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000014 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Developmental and Autism Screening Through 2-1-1
Roux, A. M., Herrera, P., Wold, C. M., Dunkle, M. C., Glascoe, F. P., & Shattuck, P. T. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.011 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Racial disparities in developmental delay diagnosis and services received in early childhood
Gallegos, A., Dudovitz, R., Biely, C., Chung, P. J., Coker, T. R., Barnert, E., Guerrero, A. D., Szilagyi, P. G., & Nelson, B. B. (2021) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.05.008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Bilaver, L. A., Sobotka, S. A., & Mandell, D. S. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04797-6 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationFeinberg, E., Augustyn, M., Broder-Fingert, S., Bennett, A., Weitzman, C., Kuhn, J., Hickey, E., Chu, A., Levinson, J., Sandler Eilenberg, J., et al. (2021) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.5218 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
National study of school psychologists’ use of evidence-based assessment in autism spectrum disorder
Aiello, R., Ruble, L., & Esler, A. (2017) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1080/15377903.2016.1236307 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Chen, C.-Y., Liu, C.-Y., Su, W.-C., Huang, S.-L., & Lin, K.-M. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0416-y · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Correlates of age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in six Canadian regions
Coo, H., Ouellette-Kuntz, H., Lam, M., Yu, C. T., Dewey, D., Bernier, F. P., Chudley, A. E., Hennessey, P. E., Breitenbach, M. M., Noonan, A. L., et al. (2012) · Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada · doi:10.24095/hpcdp.32.2.05 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Defining the core components of Family Navigation for autism spectrum disorder
Broder-Fingert, S., Stadnick, N. A., Hickey, E., Goupil, J., Diaz Lindhart, Y., & Feinberg, E. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319864079 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Shea, L. L., Xie, M., Turcotte, P., Marcus, S., Field, R., Newschaffer, C., & Mandell, D. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3563-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationImm, P., White, T., & Durkin, M. S. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319827510 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Implicit bias of encoded variables: frameworks for addressing structured bias in EHR–GWAS data
Dueñas, H. R., Seah, C., Johnson, J. S., & Huckins, L. M. (2020) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa192 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Behavioral Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Kim, S. H., & Lord, C. (2013) · The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391924-3.00002-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Shea, L., Newschaffer, C. J., Xie, M., Myers, S. M., & Mandell, D. S. (2014) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-013-1362-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationHartley, S. L., & Sikora, D. M. (2010) · Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1088357609356094 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Parental migration and Asperger’s syndrome
Lehti, V., Cheslack-Postava, K., Gissler, M., Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., Brown, A. S., & Sourander, A. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0643-7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Early Childhood Care Coordination Through 211: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Nelson, B. B., Dudovitz, R. N., Thompson, L. R., Vangala, S., Zevallos-Roberts, E., Gulsrud, A., Porras-Javier, L., Romley, J. A., Herrera, P., Aceves, I., et al. (2024) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-065232 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Autism screening practices in preschools and early childcare centers: A systematic review
DeLucia, E. A., Dike, J., Andrzejewski, T. M., & McDonnell, C. G. (2024) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-022-00323-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kuhn, J., Hickey, E., Lindly, O., Stransky, M., Masaro, M., Patts, G. J., Cabral, H., Crossman, M., Augustyn, M., Feinberg, E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/10538151231155406 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…with families from low-income households and minoritized racial/ethnic backgrounds to represent those who have historically experienced disparities in access to developmental-behavioral specialty care (Liptak et al., 2008; Magaña et al., 2013; Mandell et al., 2002; K. A. Smith et al., 2020).”
- Authors
- MANDELL, D. S., LISTERUD, J., LEVY, S. E., & PINTO-MARTIN, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1447-1453
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998074079
- Cited by
- 684
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control ((CCU32094))
- National Institute of Mental Health ((5T32MH019292-12))
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, age at diagnosis, racial disparities, Medicaid-eligible children, psychotherapy, help-seeking, early detection, Black children, Philadelphia
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Autistic Disorder, Black or African American, Child, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Medicaid, Philadelphia, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
