The role of moment-to-moment dynamics of perceived stress and negative affect in co-occurring ADHD and internalising symptoms
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A maladaptive response to stress in individuals with high ADHD traits may be a key factor explaining co-occurring ADHD symptoms and internalising problems. The current study investigates whether between-person differences in ADHD traits are associated with differences in the within-person moment-to-moment coupling of stress and negative affect; and whether these can explain between-person differences in internalising problems (N = 262, median-age 20). Results of a dynamic structural equation model indicated that between-person differences in ADHD traits significantly moderated the daily life coupling between stress and negative affect. Further, higher ADHD traits were associated with stronger stress carry-over and higher mean levels of negative affect. Stress carry-over and mean levels of negative affect mediated the association between ADHD traits and internalising problems.
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As a result of internalising neurodivergent traits and stress, unsupported neurodivergent adults are at risk for co-morbid mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress, and suicide.
“As a result of internalising neurodivergent traits and stress [72], unsupported neurodivergent adults are at risk for co-morbid mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress [6, 47, 70] and suicide [35].”
From Burnout by Design: How Digital Systems Overburden Neurodivergent Students in Higher Education (2025) · cites this paper as [72]
The Conclusions report that increased stress reactivity partially mediates the association between ADHD traits and internalising problems, supporting a role for stress. The paper does not say that people internalise neurodivergent traits or establish this mechanism for neurodivergent adults generally. The citations attached to the later list of disorders and suicide are separate from this source. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Burnout by Design: How Digital Systems Overburden Neurodivergent Students in Higher Education
Tcherdakoff, N. A., Marshall, P., Dowthwaite, A., Bird, J., & Cox, A. L. (2025) · Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work · doi:10.1145/3729176.3729193 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Speyer, L. G., Brown, R. H., Ribeaud, D., Eisner, M., & Murray, A. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Speyer, Lydia Gabriela
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2022-06-08
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1213-1223
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC9986209
- OpenAlex
- W4282939352
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (10FI17_198052)
- Jacobs Foundation (Jacobs Foundation)
- Jacobs Center (Jacobs Center)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- ADHD traits, internalizing problems, perceived stress, negative affect, within-person dynamics, everyday life, maladaptive stress response, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Affect, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Phenotype, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult
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