Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: In spite of the growing literature about adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), relatively little is known about the prevalence and correlates of this disorder. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of adult ADHD and to identify its demographic correlates using meta-regression analysis. Method: We used the MEDLINE, PsycLit and EMBASE databases as well as hand-searching to find relevant publications. Results: The pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1). Gender and mean age, interacting with each other, were significantly related to prevalence of ADHD. Metaregression analysis indicated that the proportion of participants with ADHD decreased with age when men and women were equally represented in the sample. Conclusions: Prevalence of ADHD in adults declines with age in the general population. We think, however, that the unclear validity of DSM–IV diagnostic criteria for this condition can lead to reduced prevalence rates by underestimation of the prevalence of adult ADHD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
It is unclear whether the prevalence of adult ADHD changes with age.
“it is unclear whether the prevalence of adult ADHD changes with age.”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The Results report a significant age-related decline in adult ADHD prevalence when men and women were equally represented, and the Conclusions state that prevalence declines with age in the general population. The paper says the cause of the observed decline is unclear, not whether its analysis found a change with age. The supplied passages have no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEG Willcutt estimated that the pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 5.0% based on 11 studies published between 1996 and 2011 when defining adult ADHD with DSM-IV criteria.
“When defining adult ADHD with the DSM-IV criteria, EG Willcutt estimated that the pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 5.0% based on 11 studies published between 1996 and 2011 [15,16].”
From The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
The Results and ‘Correlation of prevalence with gender and age’ sections report a pooled adult ADHD prevalence of 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1) using strict DSM-IV criteria, not 5.0%. The paper does not attribute an 11-study estimate covering 1996–2011 to Willcutt. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdult ADHD prevalence is estimated at 2.5%.
“A meta-analysis of six studies with over 5,300 participants estimated the prevalence of ADHD in adulthood to be 2.5%”
From The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
The Results report a pooled adult ADHD prevalence of 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1). The Abstract says six studies were omitted from 12 identified studies, consistent with six in the analysis, but the passages available from our copy do not substantiate the citing sentence’s figure of over 5,300 participants. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCompared to childhood ADHD, adult ADHD has received far less research attention.
“compared to childhood ADHD, adult ADHD has received far less research attention”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The Abstract says ADHD was long thought to occur only in childhood and that, despite growing literature on adult ADHD, relatively little was known about its adult prevalence and correlates. That supports a research gap concerning adult ADHD, but the paper does not establish that adult ADHD received far less research attention than childhood ADHD overall. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdult ADHD does rarely occur without other comorbid psychiatric symptoms and most adults with ADHD suffer from additional psychiatric disorders during their lifetime.
“Furthermore, adult ADHD does rarely occur without other comorbid psychiatric symptoms and most adults with ADHD suffer from additional psychiatric disorders during their lifetime (Simon et al. 2009; de Zwaan et al. 2012).”
From ADHD and associated psychopathology in older adults in a German community sample (2023) · cites this paper as Simon et al. 2009
The Abstract (page not specified in our copy) describes ADHD as a serious risk factor for comorbid psychiatric disorders. It does not say that ADHD rarely occurs without them or that most adults with ADHD have an additional psychiatric disorder during their lifetime. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses of ADHD prevalence in children, adolescents and young adults have shown that prevalence estimates are highly heterogeneous mostly due to methodological differences of included studies.
“previous systematic reviews and metaanalyses of ADHD prevalence in children, adolescents and young adults (Polanczyk et al., 2007;Thomas et al., 2015;Simon et al., 2009;Polanczyk et al., 2014;Willcutt, 2012), have shown that prevalence estimates are highly heterogeneous mostly due to methodological differences of included studies.”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
The Discussion says published estimates of adult ADHD prevalence vary greatly and attributes that variability to methodological and diagnostic differences between studies. This supports the claim’s explanation of heterogeneity, but the paper analyzes adult ADHD rather than prevalence across children, adolescents and young adults; its mention of a child-and-adolescent analysis does not extend its own conclusion to those groups. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBased on pooled estimates from meta-analyses, ADHD affects 2.5% (95% CI 2.1-3.1) of adults worldwide.
“and 2.5 % (95 % CI = 2.1, 3.1) of adults across the world (Simon et al., 2009).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
The Results report a pooled adult ADHD prevalence of 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1), matching the estimate. But the Study design section says the included convenience samples did not assure representativeness and their raw prevalence estimates could not be extended to the general population; the paper therefore does not establish this as a worldwide adult prevalence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese estimates are lower than previously identified pooled prevalence estimates based on validated scales: 2.5% in adults with mean age 34 and 5.0% in young adults.
“These estimates are lower than previously identified pooled prevalence estimates based on validated scales: 2.5 % (95 % CI = 2.1, 3.1) in adults with the mean age of 34, (Simon et al., 2009) and 5.0 % (95 % CI = 4.1, 6.2) in young adults (Willcutt, 2012).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
The Results and Age sections report a pooled adult ADHD prevalence of 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1) and a participant-weighted mean age of 34 years. The Correlation of prevalence with gender and age section says the estimate was based on strict DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, but does not establish that it was based on validated scales. The separately cited 5.0% estimate for young adults is not attributed to Simon et al. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSignificant heterogeneity across studies has previously been identified in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of ADHD prevalence in children and adults, mostly due to methodological differences.
“Significant heterogeneity across studies has previously been identified in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of ADHD prevalence in children and adults, mostly due to methodological differences (Polanczyk et al., 2007;Simon et al., 2009;Willcutt, 2012).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
The Diagnosis results report statistically significant heterogeneity among the adult ADHD studies, and the Discussion attributes variation in published prevalence estimates to methodological and diagnostic differences. The paper also says demographic variables explain the heterogeneity at least in part; it does not establish that methodological differences account for most of it. This source analyzes adult, not child, ADHD prevalence. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies that require both a childhood-onset and adult symptoms report lower prevalence estimates than those that do not.
“Given the fact that studies that require both a childhood-onset and adult symptoms (persistent adult ADHD) report lower prevalence estimates than those that do not (symptomatic adult ADHD), it is necessary to separately provide prevalence estimates for those two distinct groups.”
From The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
The Conclusions passage (page not provided) says strict DSM-IV criteria may underestimate adult ADHD prevalence and that lowering the symptom threshold substantially affects prevalence estimates. It also describes a study that omitted the age-at-onset criterion, but that study changed other criteria too. The paper therefore does not establish the claimed comparison specifically between studies requiring both childhood onset and adult symptoms and studies that do not. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredV Simon and colleagues estimated that the pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 2.5% based on six studies published between 1996 and 2005.
“Through a systematic review and meta-analysis of six studies published between 1996 and 2005, V Simon and colleagues estimated that the pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 2.5%.”
From The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe worldwide prevalence of ADHD in adults is approximately 2.5% (pooled prevalence 2.5%, 95% CI 2.1-3.1).
“Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 5% of children and adolescents and 2.5% of adults worldwide.”
From Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (2015) · cites this paper as [9]
Adult ADHD definitions strongly vary between studies.
“adult ADHD definitions strongly varying between studies”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The findings of Song et al. establish that the decrease in the population prevalence of ADHD that sets in during adolescence continues across adulthood.
“the findings of Song et al. establish that the decrease in the population prevalence of ADHD that sets in during adolescence continues across adulthood [7,8].”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Few large population-based data sets spanning the full adult lifespan are available.
“few large population-based data sets spanning the full adult lifespan available [4-7]”
From The decreasing prevalence of ADHD across the adult lifespan confirmed (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The rate of adult ADHD is around 3%.
“The rate of adult ADHD is lower with around 3% (Fayyad et al. 2007; Kessler et al. 2006; Simon et al. 2009; Song et al. 2021).”
From ADHD and associated psychopathology in older adults in a German community sample (2023) · cites this paper as Simon et al. 2009
A limitation in studies of ADHD in older adults is the use of retrospective reporting of childhood symptoms and recall bias, with a potential underestimation of the prevalence.
“Another limitation in studies of ADHD in older adults is the use of retrospective reporting of childhood symptoms and recall bias, and a potential underestimation of the prevalence (Simon et al., 2009).”
From Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
Definitions of adult ADHD in epidemiological studies varied significantly.
“As indicated in the previous two systematic reviews of adult ADHD, the definitions of adult ADHD in epidemiological studies varied significantly.”
From The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
The prevalence of ADHD in the general adult population is 2.5% (95% CI 2.1-3.1).
“The general population prevalence of ADHD in adults has been estimated to be 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-3.1)[14]”
From Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
The WMH surveys replicated the negative association between age and ADHD prevalence found in meta-analysis, despite the sample's truncated age range of 18-44.
“Meta-analysis finds that this association is negative (Simon et al. 2009), a result that we replicate in the WMH surveys despite the fact that the age range of our sample was truncated (18–44)”
From The descriptive epidemiology of DSM-IV adult ADHD in the world health organization world mental health surveys (2017) · cites this paper as Simon et al. 2009
Prevalence of ADHD in adults estimated from epidemiological studies is 2-5%.
“The prevalence of ADHD in adults estimated from epidemiological studies is in the range of 2-5% [16-19].”
From European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD: The European Network Adult ADHD (2010) · cites this paper as [16]
ADHD symptoms in some affected patients persist into adulthood, affecting approximately 2.5% of the adult population.
“Despite its declining prevalence with age, ADHD symptoms in some affected patients persist into adulthood, affecting ∼2.5% of the adult population (Simon et al., 2009).”
From A positron emission tomography study of nigro-striatal dopaminergic mechanisms underlying attention: implications for ADHD and its treatment (2013) · cites this paper as Simon et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · see citing works
The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942 · Cited by 5,346 · see citing works
Ericsson (1993) · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.87.3.215 · Cited by 4,539 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., Faraone, S. V., Greenhill, L. L., Howes, M. J., Secnik, K., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716 · Cited by 3,886 · see citing works
Castellanos, F. X. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1740 · Cited by 1,646 · see citing works
Advanced methods in meta‐analysis: multivariate approach and meta‐regression
van Houwelingen, H. C., Arends, L. R., & Stijnen, T. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1040 · Cited by 1,574 · see citing works
Biederman, J. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.816 · Cited by 1,498 · see citing works
Mannuzza, S. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Fayyad, J., De Graaf, R., Kessler, R., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Demyttenaere, K., De Girolamo, G., Haro, J. M., Karam, E. G., Lara, C., et al. (2007) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034389 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., Fischer, M., Smallish, L., & Fletcher, K. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.2.279 · Cited by 1,199 · see citing works
Hyperactive Boys Almost Grown Up: I. Psychiatric Status
Gittelman, R. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330017002 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
(1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.12.1792 · Cited by 950 · see citing works
A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences in ADHD
Gershon, J., & Gershon, J. (2002) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470200500302 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Gender Differences in ADHD: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review
Gaub, M., & Carlson, C. L. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199708000-00023 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Mick, E., Faraone, S. V., Braaten, E., Doyle, A., Spencer, T., Wilens, T. E., Frazier, E., & Johnson, M. A. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.36 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up
Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., Bessler, A., Malloy, P., & LaPadula, M. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.4.493 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
WEISS, G., HECHTMAN, L., MILROY, T., & PERLMAN, T. (1985) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60450-7 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN ADULTS
Wender, P. H. (1998) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70039-3 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
RASMUSSEN, P., & GILLBERG, C. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200011000-00017 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R): background and aims
Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.166 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
On the "remembrance of things past": A longitudinal evaluation of the retrospective method.
Henry, B., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Langley, J., & Silva, P. A. (1994) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.2.92 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Spencer, T. J., Mick, E., Monuteaux, M. C., & Aleardi, M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v67n0403 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Hyperactive Boys Almost Grown Up: V. Replication of Psychiatric Status
Mannuzza, S. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810250079012 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
A LIKELIHOOD APPROACH TO META-ANALYSIS WITH RANDOM EFFECTS
Hardy, R., & Thompson, S. G. (1996) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19960330)15:6 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
What Is the Prevalence of Adult ADHD? Results of a Population Screen of 966 Adults
Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (2005) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054705281478 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
WENDER, P. H., WOLF, L. E., & WASSERSTEIN, J. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05770.x · Cited by 498 · see citing works
SANDRA KOOIJ, J. J., BUITELAAR, J. K., van den OORD, E. J., FURER, J. W., TH. RIJNDERS, C. A., & HODIAMONT, P. P. G. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170400337x · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Adults with ADHD. An overview.
Wender, P. H., Wolf, L. E., & Wasserstein, J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Epidemiology: Reflections on Testing the Validity of Psychiatric Interviews
Robins, L. N. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790320090013 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Gender effects on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder in adults, revisited
Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Monuteaux, M. C., Bober, M., & Cadogen, E. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.003 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD in adult licensed drivers: Implications for clinical diagnosis
Murphy, K., & Barkley, R. A. (1996) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705479600100303 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Hill, J. C., & Schoener, E. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.9.1143 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Babinski, L. M., Hartsough, C. S., & Lambert, N. M. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00452 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Recollections of Childhood a Study of the Retrospective Method
Yarrow, M. R., Campbell, J., & Burton, R. V. (1970) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165649 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Sex differences in ADHD: Conference summary
Arnold, L. E. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf01670100 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
Wilens, T. E. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.5.619 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Ames, M., Barkley, R. A., Birnbaum, H., Greenberg, P., Johnston, J. A., Spencer, T., & ??st??n, T. B. (2005) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000166863.33541.39 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
The Nature and Heritability of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Faraone, S. V., & Doyle, A. E. (2001) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30059-2 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Kwon, A., Aleardi, M., Chouinard, V.-A., Marino, T., Cole, H., Mick, E., & Faraone, S. V. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1083 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Seidman, L. J., Biederman, J., Weber, W. J., Hatch, M., & Faraone, S. V. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00392-2 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Schweitzer, J. B., Faber, T. L., Grafton, S. T., Tune, L. E., Hoffman, J. M., & Kilts, C. D. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.278 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-Report of ADHD Symptoms in University Students
DuPaul, G. J., Schaughency, E. A., Weyandt, L. L., Tripp, G., Kiesner, J., Ota, K., & Stanish, H. (2001) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221940103400412 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults
Olagunju, A. E., & Ghoddusi, F. (1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.5.633 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Accuracy of Adult Recall of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Mannuzza, S., KLEIN, R. G., Klein, D. F., BESSLER, A., & Shrout, P. E. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1882 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Heiligenstein, E., Conyers, L. M., Berns, A. R., & Smith, M. A. (1998) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448489809595609 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Medina-Mora, M. E., Borges, G. L. G., Lara, C., Benjet, C. L., Blanco, J., Fleiz, C., Villatoro, J. A., Rojas, E., & Zambrano, J. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291705005672 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Frontoorbital volume reductions in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Heßlinger, B., van Elst, L. T., Thiel, T., Haegele, K., Hennig, J., & Ebert, D. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00554-2 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Smalley, S. L., McGough, J. J., Del’Homme, M., NewDELMAN, J., GORDON, E., Kim, T. S., LIU, A., & McCracken, J. T. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200009000-00013 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Reported prevalence of attentional difficulties in a general sample of college students
Weyandt, L., Linterman, I., & Rice, J. A. (1995) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf02229304 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
A guide to the treatment of adults with ADHD.
Weiss, M. D., & Weiss, J. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Roth, R. M., & Saykin, A. J. (2004) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(03)00112-6 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Krogman, W. M. (1970) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165698 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Young adult mental status of hyperactive boys and their brothers: a prospective follow-up study.
Mannuzza, S., Klein, R., & Addalli, K. A. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0890-8567(10)80009-7 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
ADHD Prevalence in Adult Outpatients With Nonpsychotic Psychiatric Illnesses
Montes, L. G. A., García, A. O. H., & Ricardo-Garcell, J. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054707304428 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Barbaresi, W. J., Katusic, S. K., Colligan, R. C., Weaver, A. L., Pankratz, V. S., Mrazek, D. A., & Jacobsen, S. J. (2004) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb03058.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults
Semrud‐Clikeman, M., & Fine, J. G. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511674815.009 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Gaub, M., & Carlson, C. L. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Adult Psychiatric Disorder and Childhood Experiences
Wolkind, S. N., & Coleman, E. Z. (1983) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.143.2.188 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cognitive Synthesis in Negro and White Children
Farnham-Diggory, S. (1970) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165790 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
ODD, ADHD, Versus ODD+ADHD in Clinic and Community Adults
Gadow, K. D., Sprafkin, J. N., Schneider, J., Nolan, E. E., Schwartz, J. E., & Weiss, M. D. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054706295609 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Tooley, K. (1978) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1978.tb01299.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
An investigation of adult outcome of hyperactive children in Shanghai
YAN, W. (1998) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1998.tb03252.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Nishimura, R., Hosoba, T., Ide, M., & Seiwa, H. (1998) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.1998.00393.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Arterial endothelial injury due to infection in childhood: ticking bomb or innocent bystander?
Liuba, P. (2004) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb00240.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Caspi (1996) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1234-988x(199607)6:2
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 69 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [15]15. Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructive theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 1997; 121: 65-94.
- [53]53. Ericsson KA, Simon HA. Verbal reports as data. Psychol Rev 1980; 87: 215-51.
- [54]54. Nisbett RE, Wilson TD. Telling more than we know. Psychol Rev 1977; 74: 231-59.
- [58]58. Yarrow MR, Campbell JD, Burton RV. Recollections of childhood. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 1970; 35: 1-83.
- [59]59. Henry B, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Langley J, Silva PA. On the 'remembrance of things past'. Psychol Assess 1994; 6: 92-101.
- [60]60. Holmshaw J, Simonoff E. Retrospective recall of childhood psychopathology. Int J Methods Psychiatric Res 1996; 6: 79-88.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Faraone, S. V., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Zheng, Y., Biederman, J., Bellgrove, M. A., Newcorn, J. H., Gignac, M., Al Saud, N. M., Manor, I., et al. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022 · Cited by 1,545 · see citing works
“22 A meta-analysis of six studies with over 5300 participants estimated the prevalence of ADHD in adulthood to be 2.5 % (Simon et al., 2009).”
InfluentialAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Biederman, J., Buitelaar, J. K., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Rohde, L. A., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Tannock, R., & Franke, B. (2015) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.20 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
Cortese, S., Adamo, N., Del Giovane, C., Mohr-Jensen, C., Hayes, A. J., Carucci, S., Atkinson, L. Z., Tessari, L., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30269-4 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Thapar, A., & Cooper, M. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00238-x · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Dopamine: Functions, Signaling, and Association with Neurological Diseases
Klein, M. O., Battagello, D. S., Cardoso, A. R., Hauser, D. N., Bittencourt, J. C., & Correa, R. G. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Kooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Thapar, A., Cooper, M., & Rutter, M. (2017) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30376-5 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Song, P., Zha, M., Yang, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Rudan, I. (2021) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.11.04009 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Posner, J., Polanczyk, G. V., & Sonuga-Barke, E. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)33004-1 · Cited by 835 · see citing works
Large-scale brain systems in ADHD: beyond the prefrontal–striatal model
Castellanos, F. X., & Proal, E. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.007 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Collaborators, O. B. O. T. W. W. M. H. S., Fayyad, J., Sampson, N. A., Hwang, I., Adamowski, T., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Andrade, L. H. S. G., Borges, G., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2017) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0208-3 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Why are autism spectrum conditions more prevalent in males?
Baron-Cohen, S., Lombardo, M. V., Auyeung, B., Ashwin, E., Chakrabarti, B., & Knickmeyer, R. (2011) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001081 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach
Katzman, M. A., Bilkey, T. S., Chokka, P. R., Fallu, A., & Klassen, L. J. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1463-3 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan
Franke, B., Michelini, G., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bilbow, A., Buitelaar, J. K., Cormand, B., Faraone, S. V., Ginsberg, Y., Haavik, J., et al. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Faraone, S. V. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Moffitt, T. E., Houts, R., Asherson, P., Belsky, D. W., Corcoran, D. L., Hammerle, M., Harrington, H., Hogan, S., Meier, M. H., Polanczyk, G. V., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14101266 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Young, S., Adamo, N., Ásgeirsdóttir, B. B., Branney, P., Beckett, M., Colley, W., Cubbin, S., Deeley, Q., Farrag, E., Gudjonsson, G., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02707-9 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Agnew-Blais, J. C., Polanczyk, G. V., Danese, A., Wertz, J., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0465 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adverse health outcomes
Nigg, J. T. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.11.005 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
The genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults, a review
on behalf of the International Multicentre persistent ADHD CollaboraTion (IMpACT), Franke, B., Faraone, S. V., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Bau, C. H. D., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Mick, E., Grevet, E. H., Johansson, S., et al. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.138 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Vastrad, D., Chaudhary, G., & Ronad, S. V. (1962) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1976.tb140860.x · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V., Bellgrove, M. A., Brikell, I., Cortese, S., Hartman, C. A., Hollis, C., Newcorn, J. H., Philipsen, A., Polanczyk, G. V., Rubia, K., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00495-0 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Caye, A., Rocha, T. B.-M., Anselmi, L., Murray, J., Menezes, A. M. B., Barros, F. C., Gonçalves, H., Wehrmeister, F., Jensen, C. M., Steinhausen, H.-C., et al. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0383 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: key conceptual issues
Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Faraone, S. V., & Rohde, L. A. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30032-3 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Environmental pollution, a hidden culprit for health issues
Xu, H., Yang, J., Sun, Z., Su, J., Liu, Q. S., Zhou, Q., & Jiang, G. (2022) · Eco-Environment & Health · doi:10.1016/j.eehl.2022.04.003 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Raman, S. R., Man, K. K. C., Bahmanyar, S., Bérard, A., Bilder, S., Boukhris, T., Bushnell, G., Crystal, S., Furu, K., KaoYang, Y.-H., et al. (2018) · Lancet psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30293-1 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and very preterm/very low birth weight: a meta-analysis
Franz, A. P., Bolat, G. U., Bolat, H., Matijasevich, A., Santos, I. S., Silveira, R. C., Procianoy, R. S., Rohde, L. A., & Moreira-Maia, C. R. (2018) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1645 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Shaw, P., Malek, M., Watson, B., Greenstein, D., de Rossi, P., & Sharp, W. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.007 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Treatment strategies for ADHD: an evidence-based guide to select optimal treatment
Caye, A., Swanson, J. M., Coghill, D., & Rohde, L. A. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0116-3 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Young, S., Moss, D., Sedgwick, O., Fridman, M., & Hodgkins, P. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000762 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Ginsberg, Y., Quintero, J., Anand, E., Casillas, M., & Upadhyaya, H. P. (2014) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.13r01600 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Das, D., Cherbuin, N., Butterworth, P., Anstey, K. J., & Easteal, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031500 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis
Beheshti, A., Chavanon, M.-L., & Christiansen, H. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-2442-7 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Bonvicini, C., Faraone, S., & Scassellati, C. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.74 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Cubillo, A., Halari, R., Ecker, C., Giampietro, V., Taylor, E., & Rubia, K. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.11.016 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Chen, Q., Hartman, C. A., Haavik, J., Harro, J., Klungsøyr, K., Hegvik, T.-A., Wanders, R., Ottosen, C., Dalsgaard, S., Faraone, S. V., et al. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204516 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Tarver, J., Daley, D., & Sayal, K. (2014) · Child: Care, Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12139 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Adult ADHD and Comorbid Somatic Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
Instanes, J. T., Klungsøyr, K., Halmøy, A., Fasmer, O. B., & Haavik, J. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054716669589 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Skirrow, C., & Asherson, P. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.011 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Gender differences in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A narrative review
Williamson, D., & Johnston, C. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.005 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Choi, W.-S., Woo, Y. S., Wang, S.-M., Lim, H. K., & Bahk, W.-M. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277175 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Preterm birth and poor fetal growth as risk factors of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
Sucksdorff, M., Lehtonen, L., Chudal, R., Suominen, A., Joelsson, P., Gissler, M., & Sourander, A. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1043 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
McCarthy, S., Wilton, L., Murray, M. L., Hodgkins, P., Asherson, P. J., & Wong, I. C. K. (2012) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-12-78 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
The prevalence of mental health problems in elite athletes
Åkesdotter, C., Kenttä, G., Eloranta, S., & Franck, J. (2019) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.022 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
The estimated prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in a German community sample
de Zwaan, M., Gruß, B., Müller, A., Graap, H., Martin, A., Glaesmer, H., Hilbert, A., & Philipsen, A. (2012) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-011-0211-9 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
Castells, X., Blanco-Silvente, L., & Cunill, R. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007813.pub3 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Emilsson, B., Gudjonsson, G., Sigurdsson, J. F., Baldursson, G., Einarsson, E., Olafsdottir, H., & Young, S. (2011) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-116 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Turgay, A., Goodman, D. W., Asherson, P. J., Lasser, R. A., Babcock, T. F., Pucci, M. L., Barkley, R. A., & ADHD Transition Phase Model Working Group (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06628 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Wolfers, T., Beckmann, C. F., Hoogman, M., Buitelaar, J. K., Franke, B., & Marquand, A. F. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719000084 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Pre- and Perinatal Risk Factors in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Halmøy, A., Klungsøyr, K., Skjærven, R., & Haavik, J. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.11.013 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Sharma, E., Sharma, L. P., Balachander, S., Lin, B., Manohar, H., Khanna, P., Lu, C., Garg, K., Thomas, T. L., Au, A. C. L., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703701 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Developmental comorbidity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Taurines, R., Schmitt, J., Renner, T., Conner, A. C., Warnke, A., & Romanos, M. (2010) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0040-0 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
van de Glind, G., Konstenius, M., Koeter, M. W. J., van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen, K., Carpentier, P.-J., Kaye, S., Degenhardt, L., Skutle, A., Franck, J., Bu, E.-T., et al. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.026 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Obesity: Update 2016
Cortese, S., & Tessari, L. (2017) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0754-1 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Hirsch, O., Chavanon, M., Riechmann, E., & Christiansen, H. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.007 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Under Diagnosis of Adult ADHD: Cultural Influences and Societal Burden
Asherson, P., Akehurst, R., Kooij, J. J. S., Huss, M., Beusterien, K., Sasané, R., Gholizadeh, S., & Hodgkins, P. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711435360 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
van de Glind, G., van den Brink, W., Koeter, M. W. J., Carpentier, P.-J., van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen, K., Kaye, S., Skutle, A., Bu, E.-T. H., Franck, J., Konstenius, M., et al. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.010 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Banaschewski, T., Becker, K., Döpfner, M., Holtmann, M. H., Rösler, M., & Romanos, M. (2017) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0149 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
ADHD Medication and Substance-Related Problems
Quinn, P. D., Chang, Z., Hur, K., Gibbons, R. D., Lahey, B. B., Rickert, M. E., Sjölander, A., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., & D’Onofrio, B. M. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16060686 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Cortese, S., Sun, S., Zhang, J., Sharma, E., Chang, Z., Kuja‐Halkola, R., Almqvist, C., Larsson, H., & Faraone, S. V. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30224-4 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The Age at Onset of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Kieling, C., Kieling, R. R., Rohde, L. A., Frick, P. J., Moffitt, T., Nigg, J. T., Tannock, R., & Castellanos, F. X. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060796 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Levin, F. R., Mariani, J. J., Specker, S., Mooney, M., Mahony, A., Brooks, D. J., Babb, D., Bai, Y., Eberly, L. E., Nunes, E. V., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.41 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Geldanamycin selectively destabilizes and conformationally alters mutated p53.
Blagosklonny, M. V., Toretsky, J. A., & Neckers, L. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Cannabinoids in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomised-controlled trial.
Cooper, R., Williams, E., Seegobin, S., Tye, C., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2016) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.05.005 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Ayano, G., Tsegay, L., Gizachew, Y., Necho, M., Yohannes, K., Abraha, M., Demelash, S., Anbesaw, T., & Alati, R. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115449 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Young, S., Adamou, M., Bolea-Alamanac, B. M., Gudjonsson, G. H., Müller, U., Pitts, M. E., Thome, J., & Asherson, P. J. (2011) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-32 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Chang, Z., Quinn, P. D., Hur, K., Gibbons, R. D., Sjölander, A., Larsson, H., & D’Onofrio, B. M. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0659 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Young, S., Hollingdale, J., Absoud, M., Bolton, P., Branney, P., Colley, W., Craze, E., Dave, M., Deeley, Q., Farrag, E., et al. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01585-y · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Emotion Regulation Over the Life Span
Christiansen, H., Hirsch, O., Albrecht, B., & Chavanon, M. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1003-6 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications and Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Zhang, L., Li, L., Andell, P., Garcia‐Argibay, M., Quinn, P. D., D'Onofrio, B. M., Brikell, I., Kuja‐Halkola, R., Lichtenstein, P., Johnell, K., et al. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4294 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Solberg, B. S., Halmøy, A., Engeland, A., Igland, J., Haavik, J., & Klungsøyr, K. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12845 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Kaisari, P., Dourish, C. T., & Higgs, S. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.002 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Lorenzo, R. D., Balducci, J., Poppi, C., Arcolin, E., Cutino, A., Ferri, P., D’Amico, R., & Filippini, T. (2021) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2021.23 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Zetterqvist, J., Asherson, P., Halldner, L., Långström, N., & Larsson, H. (2013) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12004 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Cocchi, L., Bramati, I. E., Zalesky, A., Furukawa, E., Fontenelle, L. F., Moll, J., Tripp, G., & Mattos, P. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3272-12.2012 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Life Span Studies of ADHD—Conceptual Challenges and Predictors of Persistence and Outcome
Caye, A., Swanson, J. M., Thapar, A., Sibley, M. H., Arseneault, L., Hechtman, L. T., Arnold, L. E., Niclasen, J., Moffitt, T. E., & Rohde, L. A. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0750-x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Heritability of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults
Brikell, I., Kuja-Halkola, R., & Larsson, H. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32335 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Mostert, J. C., Onnink, A. M. H., Klein, M., Dammers, J., Harneit, A., Schulten, T., van Hulzen, K. J. E., Kan, C. C., Slaats-Willemse, D., Buitelaar, J. K., et al. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.010 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Lenzi, F., Cortese, S., Harris, J., & Masi, G. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.010 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Genetic Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD Index) in Adults
Boomsma, D. I., Saviouk, V., Hottenga, J.-J., Distel, M. A., de Moor, M. H. M., Vink, J. M., Geels, L. M., van Beek, J. H. D. A., Bartels, M., de Geus, E. J. C., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010621 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioural interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
Lopez, P. L., Torrente, F. M., Ciapponi, A., Lischinsky, A. G., Cetkovich-Bakmas, M., Rojas, J. I., Romano, M., & Manes, F. F. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010840.pub2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Genetics of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Sharp, S., McQuillin, A., & Gurling, H. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.08.011 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
ADHD burden of illness in older adults: a life course perspective
Brod, M., Schmitt, E., Goodwin, M., Hodgkins, P., & Niebler, G. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9981-9 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Mick, E. O., McManus, D. D., & Goldberg, R. J. (2012) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.06.011 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Does neurocognitive functioning predict future or persistence of ADHD? A systematic review
van Lieshout, M., Luman, M., Buitelaar, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., & Oosterlaan, J. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.02.003 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Sleep in adults with ADHD: Systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies
Díaz‐Román, A., Mitchell, R., & Cortese, S. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.014 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Hoogman, M., Stolte, M., Baas, M., & Kroesbergen, E. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.029 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Brain alterations in adult ADHD: Effects of gender, treatment and comorbid depression
Onnink, A. M. H., Zwiers, M. P., Hoogman, M., Mostert, J. C., Kan, C. C., Buitelaar, J., & Franke, B. (2014) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.11.011 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Asherson, P., Young, A., Eich-Höchli, D., Moran, P., Porsdal, V., & Deberdt, W. (2014) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2014.915800 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The co-occurrence of autistic and ADHD dimensions in adults: an etiological study in 17 770 twins
Polderman, T. J. C., Hoekstra, R. A., Posthuma, D., & Larsson, H. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.84 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Coghill, D., Banaschewski, T., Soutullo, C. A., Cottingham, M. G., & Zuddas, A. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-0986-y · Cited by 130 · see citing works
P300 deficits in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis
Szuromi, B., Czobor, P., Komlósi, S., & Bitter, I. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710001996 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationPettersson, R., Söderström, S., & Nilsson, K. W. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715618788 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Septier, M., Stordeur, C., Zhang, J., Delorme, R., & Cortese, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.022 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Retz, W., Ginsberg, Y., Turner, D., Barra, S., Retz-Junginger, P., Larsson, H., & Asherson, P. (2020) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.025 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Matheson, L., Asherson, P., Wong, I. C. K., Hodgkins, P., Setyawan, J., Sasane, R., & Clifford, S. (2013) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-184 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Larsson, H., Sariaslan, A., Långström, N., D'Onofrio, B., & Lichtenstein, P. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12140 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Abramovitch, A., Dar, R., Hermesh, H., & Schweiger, A. (2012) · Journal of Neuropsychology · doi:10.1111/j.1748-6653.2011.02021.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Stern, A., Agnew-Blais, J., Danese, A., Fisher, H. L., Jaffee, S. R., Matthews, T., Polanczyk, G. V., & Arseneault, L. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.025 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Aguiar, A., Eubig, P. A., & Schantz, S. L. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1002326 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
- Authors
- Simon, V., Czobor, P., Bálint, S., Mészáros, Á., & Bitter, I.
- Affiliations
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Simon, Viktória
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 204-211
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2117104588
- Semantic Scholar
- 5b26e8f30b918f7a83a5c24dcc1dd769ad25fdcf
- Cited by
- 1,601
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 138 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 93 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 78 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, ADHD prevalence, demographic correlates, age differences, gender differences, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, underestimation of prevalence, general population
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
