A Model for Creating a Supportive Trauma-Informed Culture for Children in Preschool Settings
Open accessAbstract
The all too common exposure of young children to traumatic situations and the life-long consequences that can result underscore the need for effective, developmentally appropriate interventions that address complex trauma. This paper describes Head Start Trauma Smart (HSTS), an early education/mental health cross-systems partnership designed to work within the child's natural setting-in this case, Head Start classrooms. The goal of HSTS is to decrease the stress of chronic trauma, foster age-appropriate social and cognitive development, and create an integrated, trauma-informed culture for young children, parents, and staff. Created from a community perspective, the HSTS program emphasizes tools and skills that can be applied in everyday settings, thereby providing resources to address current and future trauma. Program evaluation findings indicate preliminary support for both the need for identification and intervention and the potential to positively impact key outcomes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8 · Cited by 18,943 · see citing works
Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall
Femina, D. D., Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90033-p · Cited by 8,820 · see citing works
Complex Trauma in Children and Adolescents
Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., DeRosa, R., Hubbard, R., Kagan, R., Liautaud, J., et al. (2005) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20050501-05 · Cited by 1,619 · see citing works
Treating Trauma and Traumatic Grief in Children and Adolescents
Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2006) · Cited by 1,199 · see citing works
Violence, Abuse, and Crime Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth
David Finkelhor, B., Turner, H. A., Ormrod, R. K., & Hamby, S. L. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0467 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
A Mental Health Intervention for Schoolchildren Exposed to Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Stein, B. D., Jaycox, L. H., Kataoka, S. H., Wong, M., Tu, W., Elliott, M. N., & Fink, A. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.5.603 · Cited by 751 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Minority children in inner-city environments are particularly vulnerable to experiencing trauma due to high community rates of poverty, drug use, and crime (Stein et al. 2003; Ghosh Ippen et al. 2011).”
BackgroundEvidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events
Silverman, W., Ortiz, C. D., Viswesvaran, C., Burns, B., Kolko, D., Putnam, F., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701818293 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
(2005) · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Yule, W. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00617_9.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Traumatic and stressful events in early childhood: Can treatment help those at highest risk?
Ippen, C. G., Harris, W. W., Horn, P. V., & Lieberman, A. F. (2011) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.03.009 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Blaustein, M. E., & Kinniburgh, K. M. (2010) · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Trauma in early childhood: Empirical evidence and clinical implications
Lieberman, A. F., Chu, A. T., Horn, P. V., & Harris, W. W. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000137 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Survey Evaluates: Complex Trauma Exposure, Outcome, and Intervention Among Children and Adolescents
Spinazzola, J., Ford, J. D., Zucker, M., van der Kolk, B. A., Silva, S. G., Smith, S. F., & Blaustein, M. E. (2005) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20050501-09 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Shahinfar, A., Fox, N. A., & Leavitt, L. A. (2000) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0087690 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Arvidson, J., Kinniburgh, K. M., Howard, K., Spinazzola, J., Strothers, H., Evans, M. E., Andres, B., Cohen, C., & Blaustein, M. E. (2011) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2011.545046 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Graham‐Bermann, S. A., Castor, L. E., Miller, L. E., & Howell, K. H. (2012) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21724 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Briggs‐Gowan, M. J., Ford, J. D., Fraleigh, L., McCarthy, K., & Carter, A. S. (2010) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20593 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Stallard, P. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.09.005 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Osofsky, J. D., & Lieberman, A. F. (2010) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0021630 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Perry, D. F., Allen, M. D., Brennan, E. M., & Bradley, J. R. (2010) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409280903475444 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Bratton, S. C., Ceballos, P. L., Sheely‐Moore, A. I., Meany-Walen, K., Pronchenko‐Jain, Y., & Jones, L. (2012) · International Journal of Play Therapy · doi:10.1037/a0030318 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Scheeringa, M. S., Salloum, A., Arnberger, R. A., Weems, C. F., Amaya-Jackson, L. M., & Cohen, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20232 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Amaya-Jackson, L., & Derosa, R. R. (2007) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20266 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Giving Voice to the Unsayable: Repairing the Effects of Trauma in Infancy and Early Childhood
Lieberman, A. F., & Horn, P. V. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.02.007 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Family-School Strategies for Responding to the Needs of Children Experiencing Chronic Stress
Swick, K. J., Knopf, H. T., Williams, R., & Fields, M. E. (2012) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-012-0546-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
(2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203814369 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Child Abuse Assessment Strategy and Inventories
Olafson, E., & Connelly, L. (2012) · doi:10.4324/9780203814369-18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Understanding and Addressing Early Childhood Trauma.
Garro, A., Brandwein, D. R., Calafiore, T., & Rittenhouse, N. (2011) · Communique · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Achenbach, T., & Rescorla, L. (2000). An integrated system of multi-informant assessment. Excerpt from Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, pp. 74–100. Retrieved from http://www.aseba.org/ordering/ASEBA%20Reliability%20&%20Validity-Pre-school%20.pdf.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Trauma-Informed Practices in Schools Across Two Decades: An Interdisciplinary Review of Research
Thomas, M. S., Crosby, S., & Vanderhaar, J. (2019) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x18821123 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Effects of trauma-informed approaches in schools: A systematic review
Maynard, B. R., Farina, A., Dell, N. A., & Kelly, M. S. (2019) · Campbell Systematic Reviews: Better Evidence for a Better World · doi:10.1002/cl2.1018 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Multi-tiered Approaches to Trauma-Informed Care in Schools: A Systematic Review
Berger, E. (2019) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-019-09326-0 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Hardcastle, K., Bellis, M. A., Ford, K., Hughes, K. E., Garner, J., & Rodriguez, G. (2018) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.014 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Trauma‐Informed Programs Based in Schools: Linking Concepts to Practices and Assessing the Evidence
Herrenkohl, T. I., Hong, S. H., & Verbrugge, B. (2019) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12362 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Fondren, K., Lawson, M., Speidel, R., McDonnell, C. G., & Valentino, K. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104691 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Attachment, Self-Regulation, and Competency (ARC)
Blaustein, M. E., & Kinniburgh, K. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46138-0_14 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Becker, B. D., Gallagher, K. C., & Whitaker, R. C. (2017) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2017.06.004 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Anaby, D. R., Campbell, W. N., Missiuna, C., Shaw, S. R., Bennett, S., Khan, S., Tremblay, S., Kalubi‐Lukusa, J., Camden, C., & GOLDs (Group for Optimizing Leadership and Delivering Services) (2019) · Child: Care, Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12621 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The role of early care and education in addressing early childhood trauma
Bartlett, J. D., & Smith, S. K. (2019) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12380 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Loomis, A. M. (2018) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/0271121418789254 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
BARGEMAN, M., Abelson, J., Mulvale, G. M., Niec, A., THEUER, A., & Moll, S. E. (2022) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12579 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Harden, B. J., Buhler‐Wassmann, A. C., & Parra, L. J. (2016) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838016658878 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Howard, S. J., Vasseleu, E., Batterham, M. J., & Neilsen‐Hewett, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00137 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Trauma-informed Interventions in Early Childhood Education and Care Settings: A Scoping Review
Sun, Y., Blewitt, C., Minson, V., Bajayo, R., Cameron, L., & Skouteris, H. (2023) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231162967 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Musicaro, R. M., Spinazzola, J., Arvidson, J., Swaroop, S. R., Goldblatt Grace, L., Yarrow, A., Suvak, M. K., & Ford, J. D. (2019) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838017692365 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Trauma-informed care as a rights-based “standard of care”: A critical review
BARGEMAN, M., Smith, S., & Wekerle, C. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104762 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Morton, B. M., & Berardi, A. A. (2017) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-017-0160-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Demonstration of a Trauma-Informed Assessment to Intervention Model in a Large Urban School District
von der Embse, N. P., Rutherford, L. E., Mankin, A., & Jenkins, A. (2018) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-018-9294-z · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Embedding trauma‐informed practice within the education sector
Berger, E., & Martin, K. (2020) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2494 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Loomis, A. M., & Felt, F. (2020) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-020-09394-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Trauma-Informed Elementary Schools: Evaluation of School-Based Early Intervention for Young Children
Rishel, C. W., Tabone, J. K., Hartnett, H. P., & Szafran, K. F. (2019) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/cdz017 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Creating Supportive Environments for Children Who have had Exposure to Traumatic Events
Cummings, K. P., Addante, S., Swindell, J., & Meadan, H. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0774-9 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Strengthening children’s roots of resilience: Trauma-responsive early learning
Lipscomb, S. T., Hatfield, B. E., Lewis, H., Goka‐Dubose, E., & Fisher, P. A. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104510 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Douglass, A., Chickerella, R., & Maroney, M. R. (2021) · Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/10901027.2021.1918296 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Vacy, K., Thomson, S. M., Moore, A., Eisner, A., Tanner, S., Pham, C., Saffery, R., Mansell, T., Burgner, D. P., Collier, F., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104949 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Early childhood educators’ psychological distress and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Berger, E., Quiñones, G., Barnes, M., & Reupert, A. (2022) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.03.005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wilson‐Ching, M., & Berger, E. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04590-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Feasibility and Effectiveness of Mindful Yoga for Preschoolers Exposed to High Levels of Trauma
Razza, R. A., Linsner, R. K., Bergen‐Cico, D., Carlson, E. J., & Reid, S. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01582-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Educational Practices for Providers of Trauma-Informed Care: A Scoping Review
Jackson, M. L., & Jewell, V. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.029 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Building Better Schools with Evidence-based Policy
Allen, K., Reupert, A., & Oades, L. G. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003025955 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Examining the effectiveness of early intervention to create trauma-informed school environments
Tabone, J. K., Rishel, C. W., Hartnett, H. P., & Szafran, K. F. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104998 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Panlilio, C. C., Dube, S. R., & Corr, C. P. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106176 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Principles of Trauma-informed approaches to child sexual abuse: A discussion paper.
Quadara, A., & Hunter, C. (2016) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sun, Y., Tamblyn, A., Morris, H., Boothby, C., Skouteris, H., & Blewitt, C. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107344 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lipscomb, S. T., Hatfield, B. E., Goka‐Dubose, E., Lewis, H., & Fisher, P. A. (2021) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.02.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Early Childhood Professionals’ Perspectives on Dealing with Trauma of Children
Berger, E., O’Donohue, K., La, C., Quiñones, G., & Barnes, M. (2022) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-022-09551-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Damian, A. J., Mendelson, T., Bowie, J. V., & Gallo, J. J. (2018) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/ort0000357 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Trauma-Informed Care in Early Childhood Education Settings: A Scoping Literature Review
Chudzik, M., Corr, C. P., & Santos, R. M. (2023) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-023-01596-3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Trauma-Informed Attitudes, Teacher Stress, and Expulsion Decision Risk in Preschool Classrooms
Loomis, A. M., & Panlilio, C. C. (2022) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-022-09513-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences, and instability in Children's care and Parents' work
Lipscomb, S. T., Goka‐Dubose, E., Hur, R. E. H., & Henry, A. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.05.008 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Reductions in behavioural and emotional difficulties from a specialist, trauma-informed school
Diggins, J. (2021) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1080/20590776.2021.1923131 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Whitson, M., & Connell, C. (2016) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12058 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chudzik, M., Corr, C. P., & Fisher, K. W. (2023) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/10538151231164898 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Reddy, A., Thootkur, M., & Li, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.559272 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lembke, E. J., Linderkamp, F., & Casale, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1321373 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Martin, C. P., Russo, J. M., Goldenthal, H., Holley, C., Gouze, K. R., & Williford, A. P. (2021) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/23727322211033880 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Edge, N. A. C., Holmes, K. J., Wilburn, E., & Sutton, M. (2022) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-022-01390-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Alam, M. J., Ahsan, A. H. M., & Ogawa, K. (2023) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-023-00063-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ramer, J. D., DuBois, D. L., Duncan, R. J., Bustamante, A. S., Vandell, D. L., Márquez, D. X., & Bustamante, E. E. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2447905 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Trauma and Very Young Children
Jonson‐Reid, M., & Wideman, E. S. (2017) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.02.004 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Musa, S., & Dergaa, I. (2022) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s354428 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
An Overview of Trauma-Informed Care
Sciolla, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54509-7_14 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Adopting a Trauma-Informed Approach to Gender-Based Violence Across the Life Course
Sperlich, M. I., Logan‐Greene, P., & Finucane, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65006-3_12 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bailey, B. C., Tabone, J. K., Smith, B. N., Monnin, J., Hixon, B., Williams, K., & Rishel, C. W. (2023) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-023-00575-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adolescent brain maturation associated with environmental factors: a multivariate analysis
Ray, B., Jensen, D. M., Suresh, P., Thapaliya, B., Sapkota, R., Farahdel, B., Fu, Z., Chen, J.-Y., Calhoun, V., & Liu, J.-Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroimaging · doi:10.3389/fnimg.2024.1390409 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Why Don’t You See Me?: Meeting the Mental Health Needs of Black Male Students
Walker, L. (2021) · The New Educator · doi:10.1080/1547688x.2021.1909788 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Konrad, K., & Puetz, V. B. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03092-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Examining Early Childhood Expulsion Through a Trauma-Informed Lens
Chudzik, M., O’Grady, C. E., Burdick, L. S., & Corr, C. P. (2024) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/02711214241286687 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hajal, N. J., Paley, B., Delja, J. R., Gorospe, C. M., & Mogil, C. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.10.047 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Loomis, A. M., Rabuka-Conklin, F., & DeSilva, C. (2024) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-024-01769-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Belonging as a Core Construct at the Heart of the Inclusion Debate, Discourse, and Practice
Allen, K., Boyle, C., Sharma, U., Patlamazoglou, L., Pentaris, P., Grové, C., Yared, H., Berger, E., Gamble, N., Morris, Z. A., et al. (2022) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5908-9_21 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Schnyder, S. S., Wico, D. M., & Huber, T. (2021) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · doi:10.26822/iejee.2021.204 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
School-based interventions for childhood trauma and autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review
Berger, E., D’Souza, L., & Miko, A. (2021) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1080/20590776.2021.1986355 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tabone, J. K., Rishel, C. W., Hartnett, H. P., Szafran, K. F., & Royse, R. (2022) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-022-00456-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“. . . We’re Not Doing Enough:” Trauma-Informed Care in an Early Childhood Special Education Center
Chudzik, M., Corr, C. P., & Santos, R. M. (2023) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/02711214231219282 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
de Stigter, R. W., Nelen, W. B. L., Delsing, M. J. M. H., de Berk, A., Kooijmans, R., Offerman, E., Asselman, M. W., Nijhof, K. S., Lindauer, R., & Helmond, P. (2024) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-024-00663-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mesman, G. R., John, S. G., Dougherty, E. H., Edge, N. A. C., Pemberton, J. R., Vanderzee, K. L., & McKelvey, L. M. (2020) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-020-00318-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Risk Reduction Education to Prevent Preschool Children’s Home Accidents: A Pilot Study
Altundağ, S., & Körükçü, Ö. (2022) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2022.20 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Ready to Learn Through Relationships (RLR) Program: Development, Feasibility, and Acceptability
Goldenthal, H., Gouze, K. R., Raviv, T., Tragoudas, G., Holley, C., & Cicchetti, C. (2023) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-023-01472-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sun, Y., Bowden, M., Cameron, L., Skouteris, H., & Blewitt, C. (2024) · Australasian Journal of Early Childhood · doi:10.1177/18369391241250103 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bonnett, T. H., Gould, E., Gratton, C., Malik, S., & Zinck, J. (2023) · Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/10901027.2023.2257147 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stephenson, E., & Yost, H. (2023) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-023-00574-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sun, Y., Skouteris, H., Tamblyn, A., Berger, E., & Blewitt, C. (2025) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380251325217 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Beyond “Hoping for the Best”: Home Visits in Impoverished Urban Areas
Corr, C. P., Spence, C., Miller, D., Marshall, A. A., & Santos, R. M. (2016) · Young Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/1096250616674332 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Goodwin-Glick, K. L. (2017) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
O’Toole, C. (2022) · Transdisciplinary perspectives in educational research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95205-1_7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
[Screening of adverse childhood experiences in preschoolers: scoping review].
Vega-Arce, M., & Núñez-Ulloa, G. (2017) · Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México · doi:10.1016/j.bmhimx.2017.07.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stauffer, A., Petermann, F., Metzner, F., & Vasileva, M. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000402 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dewhirst, C. B., Spivey, E. D., Jang, C. S., & Grimes, R. (2023) · Action in Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/01626620.2023.2209040 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lipscomb, S. T., Merculief, A., & Phelps, B. (2024) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2024.11.004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
An Extension Educator Perspective on Trauma-Informed Care
Small, S., & Huser, M. (2019) · Journal of Extension · doi:10.34068/joe.57.01.04 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Child Protection: A Child Rights Approach for Schools
Fiorvanti, C. M., & Brassard, M. R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37119-7_15 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dierickx, S., Malisse, L., Bisagno, E., Cadamuro, A., Haeken, S. V., Wuyts, D., Linde‐Ozola, Z., Kandāte, A., Morva, D., Rózsa, M., et al. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10061035 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy and COVID-19 Pandemic Trauma in Preschool Children
Raudenská, J., Gumančík, J., Raudenský, M., Pasqualucci, A., Μoka, Ε., Varrassi, G., Paladini, A., & Javůrková, A. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.44249 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nakahara, K., Morokuma, S., Maehara, K., Okawa, H., Funabiki, Y., & Kato, K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12330-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Badger, S., Wilkinson, D., & Chopra, I. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241306040 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Examining the potential of family literacy programs through the narratives of fathers in recovery
Wiseman, A. M., Cryer‐Coupet, Q. R., & Atkinson, A. A. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/09518398.2024.2425279 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Loomis, A. M., Zinsser, K. M., Iruka, I. U., & Curby, T. W. (2025) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/02711214251325781 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Experiences and Effects of Toxic Stress on Young African American Children
Harden, B. J., Feola, B., Morrison, C., Brown, S., Parra, L. J., & Wassman, A. B. (2017) · Advances in race and ethnicity in education · doi:10.1108/s2051-231720170000005008 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Turning back the clock”: A positive strategy for changing unacceptable youth behavior
Rimehaug, T. (2023) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12882 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Childhood household dysfunction is associated with reduced left ventricular mass in young adulthood
Dempster, K. S., O’Leary, D. D., MacNeil, A. J., & Wade, T. J. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00128.2022 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Trauma‐informed or sensory‐based practices in preschool settings: A scoping review
Hockey, R., Philpott‐Robinson, K., Haracz, K., & Ray, K. (2025) · Australian Occupational Therapy Journal · doi:10.1111/1440-1630.70027 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Parental behaviors towards preschool age children in Croatia
Pažur, M., Drvodelić, M., & Domović, V. (2024) · Journal of Early Childhood Research · doi:10.1177/1476718x231221360 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Christensen, I. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1339332 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Influence of Trauma Exposure on Children’s Outcomes
Harden, B. J., Parra, L. J., & Duncan, A. D. (2019) · Child maltreatment solutions network · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12811-1_3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ross, J., & Desbiens, N. (2022) · Sciences & Actions Sociales · doi:10.3917/sas.017.0142 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Reductions in behavioural and emotional difficulties from a specialist, trauma-informed school
Diggins, J. (2020) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/edp.2020.20 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trauma Informed Teaching to Support Student Social and Emotional Needs
Williams, T. R. G. (2018) · doi:10.33015/dominican.edu/2018.edu.12 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Impact of Community Violence Exposure on the Developmental Outcomes of Young Children of Color
Harris, Y. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62887-5_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Holmes, C., Levy, M., Smith, A., Pinne, S., & Neese, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Kansas (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Avis
- Venue
- Journal of Child and Family Studies
- Published
- 2014-05-20
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1650-1659
- ISSN
- 1062-1024 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2843
- PMC
- PMC4419190
- OpenAlex
- W2083845914
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 7.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child and Family Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Care Foundation of Greater Kansas City
- Hall Family Foundation
- REACH Healthcare Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- complex trauma, preschool children, Head Start, early childhood mental health, early education, chronic stress, social and cognitive development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
