Inferolateral early repolarization in athletes
Abstract
Purpose Early repolarization (ER) has been considered a common benign ECG pattern among young athletes. In contrast, an inferolateral early repolarization pattern has been associated with an increased risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of inferolateral ER among young collegiate athletes and to describe the characteristics associated to the pattern. Methods We analyzed ECGs from 503 athletes (51% males; age range, 17-24). Information on gender, body weight, race, sport, and family history of SCD was collected. ER was defined as a slow deflection of the down slope of the R wave (≥0.1 mV) or positive wave at J point (≥0.1 mV) in two consecutive inferior or in lateral leads. Additionally, we included voltage measurements according to the Sokolow-Lyon criteria and RR interval measurement. Results The prevalence of ER was 30% (inferior, 20%; lateral, 21%; both, 11%). Male gender (59% vs. 48%, p = 0.019), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) voltage (39% vs. 12%, p Conclusion ER is a common finding among young athletes. The ECG marker of LVH is the dominant shared characteristic among the athletes with ER, along with male gender and a trend to greater prevalence among African-American athletes.
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Among subjects with early repolarization pattern, 70% are male.
“The pattern is more prevalent in young athletes, particularly African Americans, with 70% of the subjects being male (351).”
From 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope (2017) · cites this paper as [351]
Early repolarization pattern is more prevalent in young athletes, particularly African Americans.
“The pattern is more prevalent in young athletes, particularly African Americans, with 70% of the subjects being male (351).”
From 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope (2017) · cites this paper as [351]
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- Authors
- Junttila, M. J., Sager, S. J., Freiser, M., McGonagle, S., Castellanos, A., & Myerburg, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Published
- 2010-12-15
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-38
- ISSN
- 1383-875X (ISSN-L)
- 1572-8595
- OpenAlex
- W2050219158
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiomyopathy and Myosin Studies
- Keywords
- early repolarization, sudden cardiac death, youth athletes, collegiate athletes, left ventricular hypertrophy, electrocardiographic markers, prevalence, African American athletes, sex differences, RR interval
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Black or African American, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Sex Distribution, Young Adult, Athletes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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