A Systematic Review of the Literature Exploring Illness Perceptions in Mental Health Utilising the Self-Regulation Model
Abstract
Psychologists have utilised a range of social cognition models to understand variation in physical health and illness-related behaviours. The most widely studied model of illness perceptions has been the Self-Regulation Model (SRM, Leventhal, Nerenz, & Steele, 1984). The illness perceptions questionnaire (IPQ) and its revised version (IPQ-R) have been utilised to explore illness beliefs in physical health. This review examined 13 quantitative studies, which used the IPQ and IPQ-R in mental health in their exploration of illness perceptions in psychosis, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, depression and adolescents experiencing mood disorders. Across these studies the SRM illness dimensions were largely supported. Mental illnesses were commonly viewed as cyclical and chronic, with serious negative consequences. Perceptions regarding chronicity, controllability and negative consequences were associated with coping and help seeking, while engagement with services and help seeking were also related to illness coherence beliefs. Treatment adherence was linked to beliefs that treatment could control one's illness. Whilst a major limitation of the reviewed studies was the use of cross-sectional designs, overall the applicability of the SRM to mental health was supported. The IPQ and IPQ-R were shown to be valuable measures of illness perceptions in mental health, offering implications for clinical practice.
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Baines and Wittkowski highlight the need for further qualitative exploration of illness perceptions in mental health, to identify potential additional categories of perception and to facilitate adaptation of tools such as the IPQ-R.
“Baines and Wittkowski (6) highlight the need for further qualitative exploration of illness perceptions in mental health, to identify potential, additional categories of perception and to facilitate the adaptation of tools such as the IPQ-R.”
From Testing the psychometric properties of the illness perceptions questionnaire for OCD (IPQ-O) (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
A systematic review found that the dimensions of cognitive and emotional representations applied to mental health conditions and that these perceptions link to variance in personal response and outcomes.
“A systematic review found that the dimensions of cognitive and emotional representations applied to mental health conditions and that, as with physical health conditions, these perceptions link to variance in personal response and outcomes [6].”
From Testing the psychometric properties of the illness perceptions questionnaire for OCD (IPQ-O) (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Baines, T., & Wittkowski, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wittkowski, Anja
- ORCID
- Wittkowski, Anja
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings
- Published
- 2012-10-30
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 263-274
- ISSN
- 1068-9583 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3572
- OpenAlex
- W1982053533
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- illness perception, self-regulation model, mental health, psychosis, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, depression, adolescents, mood disorders, help-seeking, medication adherence, coping, illness coherence, chronicity, controllability, negative consequences
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Attitude to Health, Mental Disorders, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Spain, United States
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