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Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: an introduction
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“Fundamental to the challenge of measuring well-being is the extent of disagreement over its definition9 and theoretical basis.8”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“However, despite extensive study on the topic,8 there is little available consensus in the literature on the range, contents and differences between self-report measures of well-being.”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [8]
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Self-citationHappiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
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On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · Cited by 11,567
Self-citationФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
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The Adapted mind : evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture
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Waterman, A. S. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.678 · Cited by 3,220
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- Allport G.W. 1961 Pattern and Growth in Personality Holt, Rinehart and Winston, NewYork
- Loevinger J. 1976 Ego Development Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
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“The subject is supposed to answer in a six-point format: (1) strongly disagree, (2) moderately disagree, (3) slightly disagree, (4) slightly agree, (5) moderately agree, and (6) strongly agree.”
BackgroundPositive Psychological Well-Being at Work: The Role of Eudaimonia
der Kinderen, S., & Khapova, S. N. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_79 · Cited by 16
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Frazier, L. D., Barreto, M. L., & Newman, F. L. (2012) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/0361073x.2012.699367 · Cited by 12
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Arslan, G., & Coşkun, M. (2025) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2025.2569671 · Cited by 15
“Wellbeing is a multifaceted construct that is widely measured using both hedonic and eudaimonic features, which respectively correspond to subjective wellbeing and psychological wellbeing (Deci & Ryan, 2008; Diener, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2001).”
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Hall, D. A., Juliana, J., Manickam, M., Singh, A. S. T. S., Wei, S. T. S., Vuong, P. A., Wu, F., & Firdaus, A. S. B. (2024) · The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher · doi:10.1007/s40299-023-00798-y · Cited by 17
“Measures of optimal functioning typically reflected subjective (hedonic) well-being (i.e., living a pleasant life) (e.g., Diener et al., 1985; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and psychological (eudemonic) well-being (i.e., living a meaningful life) (e.g., Deci & Ryan, 2008).”
Leung, A. N. M., Ho, H. C. Y., Hou, W. K., Poon, K., Kwan, J. L. Y., & Chan, Y. C. (2024) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12546 · Cited by 13
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Zhou, Y., & Liu, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2024.2419428 · Cited by 14
“Hedonic perspectives, as described by Deci and Ryan (2008), typically frame well-being in terms of pleasure, enjoyment, and satisfaction; that is, ‘feeling good about life.’”
Sport spectator well-being: a scoping review
Du, H., Baker, T., Su, Y., Byon, K. K., & Katz, M. (2024) · Sport Management Review · doi:10.1080/14413523.2024.2421064 · Cited by 10
“Constructs such as life satisfaction, subjective well-being (often used interchangeably with “happiness”) (Deci & Ryan, 2008), and emotional well-being are commonly used to measure hedonic well-being.”
Song, M., Hong, Z., Wang, Y., & Duan, Y. (2024) · Journal Of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/13567667241286528 · Cited by 11
“Well-being refers to an optimal psychological experience, including hedonia and eudaimonia (Deci and Ryan, 2008).”
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Lahav, E., Sherman, A., & Shavit, T. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00851-7 · Cited by 10
“There are three major components to SWB: global life evaluations (the cognitive component), negative/positive affect (the affective component), and meaning (e.g., Baumeister et al., 2013; Deci & Ryan, 2008; Schimmack, 2008).”
Manfreda, A., Kulichyova, A., & Ting, A. (2025) · Cornell Hospitality Quarterly · doi:10.1177/19389655251318535 · Cited by 11
“Although its definition varies across disciplines, subjective well-being is often shaped by psychosocial and environmental factors and does not necessarily imply the active development or growth element that defines thriving (Deci & Ryan, 2008; Hone et al., 2015).”
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Physiological Correlates of Mental Well-Being
Lindfors, P. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5195-8_12 · Cited by 9
Albuquerque, I., de Lima, M. P., Matos, M., & Figueiredo, C. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0238-6 · Cited by 11
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Ramirez-Duran, D., Stokes, H., & Kern, M. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1018620 · Cited by 13
“At an individual and subjective level, wellbeing has been broadly defined as feeling good and functioning well (Deci and Ryan, 2008; Keyes and Annas, 2009; Huppert, 2014; Adler and Seligman, 2016), and has been widely acknowledged as a multidimensional construct (Friedman and Kern, 2014; Manning and Fleming, 2019; Chi…”
BackgroundMüller, K. W., Dreier, M., Beutel, M. E., Ruckes, C., Batra, A., Mann, K. F., Musalek, M., & Wölfling, K. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00091 · Cited by 11
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“…being a key area of focus for the today’s skill-based organizations, is composed of many indicators, with subjective well-being, which commonly indicates having a high degree of positive affect, a small amount of negative affect, and a high level of happiness in one’s life (Deci & Ryan, 2008).”
Nunes, C. E. P., & Darin, T. (2023) · Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC) · doi:10.1145/3638067.3638083 · Cited by 11
“Currently, two main lines support different perceptions of what happiness and well-being would be [11], Hedonia and Eudaimonia.”
BackgroundPsychological Well-Being and Sexual Behaviour of South African Teenage Mothers: An Overview
Kheswa, J. G., & Pitso, T. (2014) · Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n10p563 · Cited by 12
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Landes, X. (2015) · Les ateliers de l éthique · doi:10.7202/1035325ar · Cited by 11
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Subedi, A., Edge, D. S., Goldie, C., & Sawhney, M. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0844562119828905 · Cited by 11
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Al-Sayed, L., & Bieling, C. (2020) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100005 · Cited by 11
“The hedonic approach ( Bradburn, 1969 ; Diener, 1984 ) emphasizes he feeling of pleasure, and thus equates well-being with happiness Ryan & Deci, 2001 ).”
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Zagonari, F. (2015) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-015-0311-y · Cited by 11
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“In the last few decades, researchers have seemingly reached consensus around its two main dimensions [19], being subjective wellbeing, in terms of happiness (alternative terms that are also used include hedonia and life satisfaction), and psychological wellbeing, in terms of meaning in life (alternative terms that are…”
BackgroundMiranda, D., Pontes, R. M., & Darin, T. (2022) · Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC) · doi:10.1145/3554364.3559144 · Cited by 10
“Atualmente, uma parcela considerável de pesquisas realizadas no campo do fator humano se dão por meio de perspectivas hedônicas [8].”
BackgroundMoving lifestyle migration beyond the sun: a eudaimonic well-being approach
Özyurt, P. M. (2023) · Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change · doi:10.1080/14766825.2022.2161908 · Cited by 12
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“According to self-determination theory, need satisfaction is promoted by autonomy support, resulting in positive growth, wellness, and thriving (Deci & Ryan, 2008; Ryan & Deci, 2017).”
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“Striving for psychological and social well-being may lead to a stable experience of subjective well-being (Deci & Ryan, 2008).”
BackgroundChang, Y.-C., & Yang, C. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14090781 · Cited by 13
“The concept is related to instant sensory pleasure [46].”
BackgroundStefanidi, E., Wagener, N., Augsten, D., Augsten, A., Reicherts, L., Woźniak, P. W., Schöning, J., Rogers, Y., & Niess, J. (2024) · ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST) · doi:10.1145/3641825.3687754 · Cited by 11
How Western Buddhist climate activists negotiate climate emotions
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Т.А., Ж., & Filippova, E. V. (2025) · Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology · doi:10.17759/jmfp.2024130405 · Cited by 10
Predicting perceived health in Angolan elderly: The moderator effect of being oldest old
Tomás, J. M., Gutiérrez, M., Sancho, P., & Galiana, L. (2012) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.06.010 · Cited by 10
Is Happiness the Best Measure of Well- Being?
Clark, A. E. (2014) · Cited by 10
Calderon, R., Kim, G., Ratsameemonthon, C., & Pupanead, S. (2020) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2020.117068 · Cited by 10
“However, the majority of this research has primarily benefited western countries (Deci & Ryan, 2006) because most PWB instruments were developed in English.”
Contacto con la naturaleza: favoreciendo la conectividad con la naturaleza y el bienestar
Pasca, L., & Aragonés, J. I. (2020) · CES Psicología · doi:10.21615/cesp.14.1.8 · Cited by 10
“Respecto al concepto de bienestar existen tradicionalmente dos grandes perspectivas de estudio: la hedónica, basada en el placer y en la felicidad, y la eudaimónica, relacionada con la autorrealización y una forma de vida repleta de propósitos (Deci & Ryan, 2008).”
BackgroundTrainor, L. R., Bennett, E., Bundon, A., Tremblay, M., Mannella, S., & Crocker, P. (2023) · Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2023.2175899 · Cited by 10
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Yoga perspective on personal excellence and well-being
Chaudhry, N., Bhandari, R. B., & Gaur, V. (2023) · Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100717 · Cited by 10
“hedonistic idea of seeking somatosensory pleasures through wish fulfillment [22], PYS presumes that somatosensory pleasures are disguised sufferings.”
BackgroundKöksal, Z., Topkaya, N., & Şahin, E. (2023) · Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.17755/esosder.1223885 · Cited by 10
Fernández-García, O., Gil-Llario, M., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2023) · Children and youth services review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107091 · Cited by 10
Wright, K. (2016) · Progress in Development Studies · doi:10.1177/1464993416641582 · Cited by 10
Western Historical Traditions of Well-Being
Michalos, A. C., & Weijers, D. M. (2017) · International handbooks of quality-of-life · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39101-4_2 · Cited by 10
Tóth, Á., Wisse, B. M., & Faragó, K. (2018) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/0406.19.2018.004 · Cited by 12
Yüzbaşı, D. V. (2019) · Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.18026/cbayarsos.467127 · Cited by 10
Furtak, A., & Barnard, A. (2021) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1809 · Cited by 16
“Research on well-being is typically conducted from two different perspectives, namely hedonia and eudaimonia (Deci & Ryan, 2008; Kashdan, Biswas-Diener, & King, 2008).”
BackgroundPSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND SEPARATION-INDIVIDUATION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Çi̇çek, İ. (2021) · Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.24106/kefdergi.780535 · Cited by 11
Design for well-being: The fourth generation of technology development
Kafaee, M., Ansarian, Z., Taqavi, M., & Heidari, S. (2021) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101775 · Cited by 10
Innovation on Education and Social Sciences
Maureen, I. Y., Imah, E. M., Savira, S. I., Anam, S., Mael, M. R., & Hartanti, L. P. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003265061 · Cited by 15
What makes conservationists persevere? Resilience strategies at work
Loffeld, T. A. C., Black, S. A., Carter, M., Sterling, E. J., & Humle, T. (2022) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605322000680 · Cited by 12
Haller, C. S. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.038 · Cited by 10
Autonomy, Fairness and Active Relationships: Children's Experiences of Well‐being in Childcare
Cooke, E., Brady, M., Alipio, C., & Cook, K. (2018) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/chso.12294 · Cited by 10
Cabedo–Mas, A., Miravet, L. M., Muñoz, E. Á. C., González, R. M., & Sanz, C. A. (2023) · Journal for the Study of Education and Development Infancia y Aprendizaje · doi:10.1080/02103702.2023.2173384 · Cited by 9
Bounded Well-Being: Designing Technologies for Workers’ Well-Being in Corporate Programmes
Tirabeni, L. (2023) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/09500170231203113 · Cited by 11
“…notion of hedonic well-being means ‘function-ing well’, and its focus is on the presence of positive affect and the absence of negative affect; the notion of eudaimonic well-being means ‘feeling good’, and its focus is on living life in a fully satisfying way (Deci and Ryan, 2008; Huppert, 2009).”
Gowling, H., O'Keeffe, F., & Eccles, F. (2024) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2024.2305172 · Cited by 9
“Wellbeing is usually conceptualised as a combination of functioning well and positive affect (Deci & Ryan, 2006), and is an important predictor of physical health in longitudinal research (Boehm et al., 2011; Xu & Roberts, 2010), so is included in the present study.”
BackgroundParents’ Influences on Well-being in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Basic Psychological Needs
Green, D. S., Goldstein, A. L., Zhu, J. Y., Hamza, C. A., Scharfe, E., & Molnar, D. S. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02912-0 · Cited by 15
“Eudai-monic well-being re fl ects personal ful fi llment, meaning, and purpose, as well as growth and self-actualization (Deci & Ryan, 2008; see Ryff et al., 2021 for a review).”
Compagnoni, M., Rechsteiner, B., Gotsch, F., Grob, U., Wullschleger, A., & Merki, K. M. (2024) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2024.104771 · Cited by 9
Lei, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1448446 · Cited by 15
Casali, N., & Feraco, T. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312934 · Cited by 16
“It is commonly considered in the literature as distinct from psychological well-being (PWB), which instead represents the eudaimonic type of well-being, i.e., a focus on growth and optimal psychological functioning, with a greater attention to the interpersonal dimension [4].”
BackgroundValarezo-Bravo, O. F., Guzmán‐González, M., Włodarczyk, A., Ubillos-Landa, S., & Casu, G. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312777 · Cited by 12
“Research on well-being traditionally follows two perspectives: hedonic and eudaimonic [46, 47].”
BackgroundShi, H., & Sun, W. (2025) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2025.101773 · Cited by 14
Vos, S. G., Wijnia, L., Martens, R. L., & de Groot, R. H. M. (2025) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102678 · Cited by 19
Well-Being, More Than a Dream: Women Constructing Metaphors of Strength
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Guo, S., Ning, X., & Qin, T. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105341 · Cited by 9
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“Maximizing “happiness” equates to maximizing one’s well-being [24].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deci, Edward L.
- Venue
- Journal of Happiness Studies
- Published
- 2006-11-18
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 1389-4978 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7780
- OpenAlex
- W2082204671
- Cited by
- 2,187
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 132 · 2025: 186 · 2024: 202 · 2023: 199 · 2022: 213 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 177 · 2019: 169 · 2018: 109 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 10.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Happiness Studies (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- eudaimonia, hedonia, well-being, happiness, positive affect, negative affect, meaning in life, life satisfaction
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