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Cited by 196Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAttachment and Relationship DynamicsPsychosocial Factors Impacting Youth

Linkages Over Time Between Adolescents' Relationships with Parents and Friends

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De Goede, Irene H. A., Branje, Susan J. T., Delsing, Marc J. M. H., Meeus, Wim H. J.·2009·Journal of Youth and Adolescence
DOI 10.1007/s10964-009-9403-2PMC PMC2758153
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Abstract

This 5-wave longitudinal study examines linkages over time between adolescents' perceptions of relationships with parents and friends with respect to support, negative interaction, and power. A total of 575 early adolescents (54.1% boys) and 337 middle adolescents (43.3% boys) participated. Path analyses mainly showed bidirectional associations between adolescents' perceptions of parent-adolescent relationships and friendships with a predominantly stronger influence from parent-adolescent relationships to friendships than vice versa in early to middle adolescence and an equal mutual influence in middle to late adolescence. The findings support the theoretical ideas that perceptions of relationships with parents generalize to perceptions of relationships with friends and that relationship skills and principles of adolescent friendships generalize to relationships with parents. Furthermore, the results indicate that the influence of parents decreases, whereas the influence of friends increases, and that both social worlds become equally important and overlapping towards late adolescence.

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  • The importance of obtaining peer social approval increases and peer influence is heightened in adolescence.

    “The importance of obtaining peer social approval increases and peer influence is heightened in adolescence.7, 8, 9, 10”

    From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [7]

    The Discussion and Conclusions (page not provided) say that friends’ influence increases during adolescence as parents’ influence decreases. The paper does not say that obtaining peer social approval becomes more important; its discussion of friendships becoming more influential does not establish that specific motivation. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Substantial changes in social exposure and orientation take place during adolescence, with more time spent with peers than family, increased influence of friends/peers, and decreased influence of parents/adults.

    “Substantial changes in social exposure and orientation take place during adolescence, as more time is spent with peers than with family, 131-134 the influence of friends or peers increases, and the influence of parents or adults decreases (appendix p 11). 135,136”

    From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health (2024) · cites this paper as [135]

    The Conclusions and Discussion report decreasing parental influence and increasing friend influence during adolescence. The Discussion qualifies these findings as potentially domain-specific: the decrease was found for support and the increase for negative interaction. The paper addresses parents rather than adults generally; its introductory passage describes more time with peers and less with parents, but does not establish that adolescents spend more time with peers than with family. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Cites

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Authors
De Goede, I. H. A., Branje, S. J. T., Delsing, M. J. M. H., & Meeus, W. H. J.
Affiliations
  • Utrecht University (NL)
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Youth and Adolescence
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2009-03-11
Volume
38
Issue
10
Pages
1304-1315
ISSN
  • 0047-2891 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-6601
DOI
10.1007/s10964-009-9403-2
PMC
PMC2758153
OpenAlex
W2031452025
Cited by
196
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 4
FWCI
3.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Journal of Youth and Adolescence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Keywords
parent-adolescent relationships, adolescent friendships, relationship perceptions, social support, negative interactions, power in relationships, bidirectional effects, early adolescence, middle adolescence, late adolescence, relationship skills
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Power, Psychological, Social Perception, Social Support, Time Factors, Friends, Adolescent Development, Young Adult

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