The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development: A Longitudinal Analysis of Confirmatory Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem0902_5 · Cited by 16,280
Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800313 · Cited by 13,287
Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.
Davis, M. H. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113 · Cited by 10,272
Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02202939 · Cited by 4,031
Handbook of Adolescent Psychology
(2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470479193 · Cited by 2,938
Self-citationA comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing data procedures.
Collins, L. M., Schafer, J. L., & Kam, C.-M. (2001) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.6.4.330 · Cited by 2,389
Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., Phelps, E., Gestsdottir, S., Naudeau, S., Jelicic, H., Alberts, A., Ma, L., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431604272461 · Cited by 1,694 · cited 4×
“These Five Cs are based on both the experiences of practitioners and on reviews of the adolescent development literature (Eccles and Gootman 2002; Lerner 2004; Roth and Brooks-Gunn 2003) and are linked to the positive outcomes of youth development programs (e.g., Roth and Brooks-Gunn 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationTEACHER’S CORNER: Testing Measurement Invariance of Second-Order Factor Models
Chen, F. F., Sousa, K. H., & West, S. G. (2005) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1203_7 · Cited by 1,032
Liberty: Thriving and Civic Engagement among America's Youth
Lerner, R. (2004) · doi:10.4135/9781452233581 · Cited by 728
Self-citation
Cited by
Abrahams, L., Pancorbo, G., Primi, R., Santos, D., Kyllonen, P., John, O. P., & De Fruyt, F. (2019) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000591 · Cited by 245
Ciocanel, O., Power, K., Eriksen, A., & Gillings, K. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0555-6 · Cited by 179
Preliminary development of the Adolescent Students' Basic Psychological Needs at School Scale
Tian, L., Han, M., & Huebner, E. S. (2014) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.01.005 · Cited by 114
Erdem, G., DuBois, D. L., Larose, S., De Wit, D., & Lipman, E. L. (2016) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.21782 · Cited by 54
Metadata
- Authors
- Bowers, E. P., Li, Y., Kiely, M. K., Brittian, A., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence
- Published
- 2010-04-16
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 720-735
- ISSN
- 0047-2891 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6601
- OpenAlex
- W2071117154
- Cited by
- 395
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 35.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development: A Longitudinal Analysis of Confirmatory Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s10964-010-9530-9
- The paper
- Bowers, E. P., Li, Y., Kiely, M. K., Brittian, A., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2010). The Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development: A Longitudinal Analysis of Confirmatory Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9530-9
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
