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Relational Victimization and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Moderating Effects of Mother, Father, and Peer Emotional Support
Open accessAbstract
Adolescence heralds a unique period of vulnerability to depressive symptoms. This longitudinal study examined relational victimization in adolescents' peer relationships as a unique predictor of depressive symptoms among a primarily (85%) Caucasian sample of 540 youth (294 females) concurrently and across a 6-year period. The moderating effects of emotional support received from mothers, fathers, and peers on the association between relational victimization and adolescents' depressive symptoms were also investigated. Findings revealed that adolescents who were relationally victimized consistently had higher depressive symptoms than their non-victimized peers. However, high levels of emotional support from fathers buffered this relationship over time. Emotional support from mothers and peers also moderated the longitudinal relationship between relational victimization and depressive symptoms, with high levels of support predicting increases in adolescents' symptoms. Relational victimization presents a clear risk for depressive symptoms in adolescence, and emotional support may serve either a protective or vulnerability-enhancing role depending on the source of support.
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“Peer victimization in childhood and adolescence has damaging effects on psychological adjustment and is strongly associated cross-sectionally and longitudinally with symptoms of depression (Hawker and Boulton, 2000; Desjardins and Leadbeater, 2011; Ttofi et al., 2011; Stapinski et al., 2015)”
From Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as Desjardins and Leadbeater, 2011
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“In a meta-analysis of published cross-sectional studies examining the association between victimization and various forms of maladjustment, Hawker and Boulton (2000) found that, compared to other forms of adjustment (i.e., loneliness, generalized and social anxiety, global and social self-worth),…”
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Rueger, S. Y., Malecki, C. K., Pyun, Y., Aycock, C., & Coyle, S. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000058 · Cited by 946
McDougall, P., & Vaillancourt, T. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0039174 · Cited by 598
“…ill effects of victimization (e.g., depression, emotional/behavioral problems; Conners-Burrow, Johnson, Whiteside-Mansell, McKelvey, & Gargus, 2009; Desjardins & Leadbeater, 2011; Yeung & Leadbeater, 2010), although the pattern of protection can look different for mothers and fathers (Desjardins &…”
BackgroundConnectedness to family, school, peers, and community in socially vulnerable adolescents
Foster, C. E., Horwitz, A., Thomas, A., Opperman, K., Gipson, P., Burnside, A., Stone, D. M., & King, C. A. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.011 · Cited by 331
“Prior studies have also found that parenting practices can buffer the impact of bullying victimization on youth self-harm behaviors (Hay & Meldrum, 2010) and that emotional support from caregivers can protect against depression in relationally victimized youth (DesJardins and Leadbetter, 2011).”
Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Widaman, K. F., & Conger, R. D. (2013) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033817 · Cited by 249
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Machmutow, K., Perren, S., Sticca, F., & Alsaker, F. D. (2012) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2012.704310 · Cited by 281
“Depressive symptoms are amongst the most prominent negative consequences of peer victimisation (Desjardins and Leadbeater 2011 ; Pouwelse et al.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Desjardins, T. L., & Leadbeater, B. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Victoria (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Desjardins, Tracy L.
- Venue
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence
- Published
- 2010-06-25
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 531-544
- ISSN
- 0047-2891 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6601
- PMC
- PMC4905762
- OpenAlex
- W2078608343
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 11.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Michael Smith Health Research BC
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (43275_1, 79917_1)
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- relational victimization, depressive symptoms, adolescents, peer relationships, emotional support, maternal support, paternal support, peer support, moderation, protective factors, vulnerability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Depression, Emotions, Father-Child Relations, Fathers, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Peer Group, Risk Factors, Social Support, Crime Victims
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