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Cited by 3,954Bullying, Victimization, and AggressionChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Relational Aggression, Gender, and Social-Psychological Adjustment

Crick, Nicki R., Grotpeter, Jennifer K.·1995·Child Development
DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x
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Abstract

Prior studies of childhood aggression have demonstrated that, as a group, boys are more aggressive than girls. We hypothesized that this finding reflects a lack of research on forms of aggression that are relevant to young females rather than an actual gender difference in levels of overall aggressiveness. In the present study, a form of aggression hypothesized to be typical of girls, relational aggression, was assessed with a peer nomination instrument for a sample of 491 third-through sixth-grade children. Overt aggression (i.e., physical and verbal aggression as assessed in past research) and social-psychological adjustment were also assessed. Results provide evidence for the validity and distinctiveness of relational aggression. Further, they indicated that, as predicted, girls were significantly more relationally aggressive than were boys. Results also indicated that relationally aggressive children may be at risk for serious adjustment difficulties (e.g., they were significantly more rejected and reported significantly higher levels of loneliness, depression, and isolation relative to their nonrelationally aggressive peers).

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Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/1131945

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2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Contempt displays may reflect an alternative form of subtle interpersonal aggression thought to be more prevalent in girls than boys, namely relational aggression.

    “Thus, contempt displays may reflect an alternative form of subtle interpersonal aggression that is thought to be more prevalent in girls than boys, namely relational aggression (Crick & Grotpeter, 1995).”

    From Gender differences in emotion expression in children: A meta-analytic review. (2013) · cites this paper as Crick & Grotpeter, 1995

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Authors
Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID
Grotpeter, Jennifer K.
Venue
Child Development
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1995-06
Volume
66
Issue
3
Pages
710
ISSN
0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x
OpenAlex
W2071148395
Cited by
3,954
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 106 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 170 · 2019: 121 · 2018: 166 · 2017: 139 · 2016: 164 · 2015: 191 · 2014: 211 · 2013: 205 · 2012: 209
FWCI
54.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Child Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords
relational aggression, gender differences, psychosocial adjustment, overt aggression, peer rejection, loneliness, depression, social isolation, peer nominations, elementary school students
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Aggression, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Male, Peer Group, Sex Factors, Social Adjustment, Social Isolation

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