The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Beyond nudges: Tools of a choice architecture
Abstract
The way a choice is presented influences what a decision-maker chooses. This paper outlines the tools available to choice architects, that is anyone who present people with choices. We divide these tools into two categories: those used in structuring the choice task and those used in describing the choice options. Tools for structuring the choice task address the idea of what to present to decision-makers, and tools for describing the choice options address the idea of how to present it. We discuss implementation issues in using choice architecture tools, including individual differences and errors in evaluation of choice outcomes. Finally, this paper presents a few applications that illustrate the positive effect choice architecture can have on real-world decisions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7455683 · Cited by 18,497 · cited 1×
“…the social setting of the decision (Milch et al. 2009), the information process or mode used for making the decision (Weber and Lindemann 2007), the framing of the outcomes (Tversky and Kahneman 1981), or even the label of a choice attribute (Hardisty et al. 2010) may all have desirable effects.”
BackgroundPayne, J. W., Bettman, J. R., & Johnson, E. J. (1993) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139173933 · Cited by 3,487
Self-citationWhen choice is demotivating: can one desire too much of a good thing?
Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.995 · Cited by 2,878
Mowrer, O. H. (1960) · doi:10.1037/10802-000 · Cited by 1,670
Peters, E., Västfjäll, D., Slovic, P., Mertz, C. K., Mazzocco, K., & Dickert, S. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01720.x · Cited by 1,180
Self-citationCan There Ever Be Too Many Options? A Meta-Analytic Review of Choice Overload
Scheibehenne, B., Greifeneder, R., & Todd, P. M. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/651235 · Cited by 1,070 · cited 2×
“Despite the vast amount of research examining the effects of a number of alternatives on decision behavior (see Payne et al. 1993; Scheibehenne et al. 2010), the issue of balancing different objectives makes it hard to identify a simple recommendation for the optimal number of alternatives to…”
BackgroundLibertarian Paternalism is Not an Oxymoron
Sunstein, C. R., & Thaler, R. H. (2003) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.405940 · Cited by 403
Defaults, Framing and Privacy: Why Opting In-Opting Out1
Johnson, E. J., Bellman, S., & Lohse, G. L. (2002) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1015044207315 · Cited by 388
Self-citationJohnson, E. J., & Goldstein, D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091721 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Cited by
Bucher, T., Collins, C., Rollo, M. E., McCaffrey, T. A., De Vlieger, N., Van der Bend, D., Truby, H., & Perez-Cueto, F. J. A. (2016) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114516001653 · Cited by 528
Voorhees, C. M., Fombelle, P. W., Gregoire, Y., Bone, S., Gustafsson, A., Sousa, R., & Walkowiak, T. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.04.014 · Cited by 489
When and why defaults influence decisions: a meta-analysis of default effects
JACHIMOWICZ, J. M., DUNCAN, S., WEBER, E. U., & JOHNSON, E. J. (2019) · Behavioural Public Policy · doi:10.1017/bpp.2018.43 · Cited by 481
Self-citationThe TIPPME intervention typology for changing environments to change behaviour
Hollands, G. J., Bignardi, G., Johnston, M., Kelly, M. P., Ogilvie, D., Petticrew, M., Prestwich, A., Shemilt, I., Sutton, S., & Marteau, T. M. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0140 · Cited by 359
Szaszi, B., Palinkas, A., Palfi, B., Szollosi, A., & Aczel, B. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.2035 · Cited by 322
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, E. J., Shu, S. B., Dellaert, B. G. C., Fox, C., Goldstein, D. G., Häubl, G., Larrick, R. P., Payne, J. W., Peters, E., Schkade, D., Wansink, B., & Weber, E. U.
- Venue
- Marketing Letters
- Published
- 2012-05-25
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 487-504
- ISSN
- 0923-0645
- 1573-059X
- OpenAlex
- W3125531654
- Cited by
- 881
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 25.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Beyond nudges: Tools of a choice architecture. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s11002-012-9186-1
- The paper
- Johnson, E. J., Shu, S. B., Dellaert, B. G. C., Fox, C., Goldstein, D. G., Häubl, G., Larrick, R. P., Payne, J. W., Peters, E., Schkade, D., Wansink, B., & Weber, E. U. (2012). Beyond nudges: Tools of a choice architecture. Marketing Letters. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-012-9186-1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
