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Cited by 68Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsPituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

GH deficiency as the most common pituitary defect after TBI: clinical implications

Popovic, Vera·2005·Pituitary
DOI 10.1007/s11102-006-6047-z
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Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that hypopituitarism, and in particular growth hormone deficiency (GHD), is common among survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) tested several months or years following head trauma. In addition, it has been shown that post-traumatic neuroendocrine abnormalities occur early and with high frequency. These findings may have significant implications for the recovery and rehabilitation of patients with TBI. The subjects at risk are those who have suffered moderate-to severe head trauma although mild intensity trauma may precede hypopituitarism also. Particular attention should be paid to this problem in children and adolescents. GH deficiency is very common in TBI, particularly isolated GHD. For the assessment of the GH-IGF axis in TBI patients, plasma IGF-I concentrations plus GH response to a provocative test is mandatory. Growth retardation secondary to GHD is a predominant feature of GHD after TBI in children. Clinical features of adult GHD are variable and in most obesity is present. Neuropsychological examinations of patients with TBI show that a significant portion of variables like attention, concentration, learning, memory, conceptual thinking, problem solving and language are impaired in patients with TBI. In the few case reports described, hormone replacement therapy in hormone deficient head-injured patients resulted in major neurobehavioral improvements. Improvements in mental-well being and cognitive function with GH replacement therapy in GHD adults have been reported. The effect of GH replacement in posttraumatic GHD needs to be examined in randomized controlled studies.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s11102-006-6047-z

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Authors
Popovic, V.
Affiliations
Univerzitetski Klinički Centar Srbije (RS)
Corresponding author
Popovic, Vera
ORCID
Popovic, Vera
Venue
Pituitary
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2005-12
Volume
8
Issue
3-4
Pages
239-243
ISSN
  • 1386-341X (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-7403
DOI
10.1007/s11102-006-6047-z
OpenAlex
W2062524407
Semantic Scholar
d0210b6978686580febbfcd2c7d4f04a6f7cf1d7
Cited by
68
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
FWCI
0.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Pituitary (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Keywords
growth hormone deficiency, traumatic brain injury, hypopituitarism, neuroendocrine dysfunction, insulin-like growth factor I, growth retardation, obesity, neuropsychological deficits, hormone replacement therapy, children and adolescents
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain Injuries, Child, Cognition, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Pituitary Gland, Pituitary Neoplasms, Growth Hormone, Hormone Replacement Therapy

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